ENV-SCI 110R 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide 3/16How do you stop the erosion of a Delta or the flooding of a delta? A controlled explosion might work. Not a good idea because then you’d have to explode things every year and it only leaves behind white sand. Holland is below sea level. They have controlled flooding. (Possible answer^)Sea level is rising fast with the ice caps melting.Electricity is made with copper wire wrapped around something and surrounded? By magnets. They have to drain barges every year. When they do this, the summer homes look like crap and the people of Missouri call up their representatives and Missouri sues Nebraska for them draining the water. The case goes to the Supreme Court. The flow of the Mississippi and Missouri is vast. Pollution is diluted in rivers to the point that is not detectable. States rely on this dilution because then they don’t have to spend a lot of money on filtrationand purification. With the populations growing, more money is being spent on cleaning water. In big rainstorms, sewage water may run straight over the walls and into the rivers. This isn’t legal but there isn’t anywhere to put the water and the waste when things are flooding during a storm. Point source pollution: the source of pollution that is distinguishable. Cities can be a source of pollution but with everyone having cars and what not, the whole country can be seen as a point source of pollution. Especially suburban and urban populations. 3/18Water erosion is the most damaging followed by waves.Waves are generated by wind. Wind blows across the surface of the water and little ripples develop fromthe friction. The wave starts to move. Water itself does not move. If you were to put a cork in the water and send a wave through, the cork would rise up with the water and go back down when the wave passed, but it would be in the same spot. Black sands are made from volcano eruptions. Barrier islands are all along the gulf coast. The Frisian Islands are a strip of islands along the north coast of Holland. They are important because they stop the big waves from the ocean from crashing up againstthe shore of Holland. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Wind erosion is a relatively minor form of erosion. Effective in dry climates. Vegetation doesn’t stop the wind because there is little to no vegetation. Sand is really heavy. Wind can get a hold of any organic material like rotting leaves and such that is in the sand and the wind can pick that up and blow it around.The wind also creates sand dunes. It acts on dry sandy surfaces and blows them inland. If there is something on the beach like drift wood or whatever, the sand will build up around it from the wind blowing it. To stop or prevent sand dunes, you have to plant very very tough beach vegetation. They will stop the wind and it cannot pick up the wind. The plant roots also hold the sand and soil in place so they are harder to pick up by the wind. Glaciers move across the surface and grinds the earth underneath. When they melt, there is not much left behind. The wind is blown from the glaciers and then to the south. The cold wind picks up dust and deposits it towards the south. It builds up thick layers of dust that settle and creates Loess soil. 3/20/2015If you remove mountains, there will be a giant delta that is formed soon after from all the dust that is notstopped. Some erosion can appear yellow from the amount of sediments that are carried by the flow. Wind that comes from California blows the soil from flooded Mississippi river and deposits it down southcreated farming soil.There have been 4 different ice ages in the earth’s time. In between those ice ages, there were interglacial periods. The most recent ice age ended 10-15 thousand years ago. We can expect that in the future there may be another ice age in the northern hemisphere.There are mountain glaciers that are moving down. They would melt away. When they melt away, they can see that the side of the mountain has scars from the glaciers carving out. The ice has gravel and other rocks in in it that helps carve them. A big volcanic eruption happened, and the dust didn’t settle for 3 or 4 years. The dust in the air caused spectacular sunsets and the earth was about 3 or 4 degrees cooler. If all the nuclear bombs went off at once, we would have a nuclear winter from all the dust in the air that blocks the sun. Global warming may cause an ice age. Warming creates moisture which creates rain and snow. Albedo: light colored things reflect light and do not get as hot as dark colored things. This explains why snow takes so long to melt. It reflects a lot of the light and warmth that would melt it. Ice caps are made from layers and layers of snow being compacted. That solid ice is subject to a lot of pressure. It tries to escape from the center by grinding outwards. It migrates across a landscape and grinds everything under it. This is the strongest type of erosion. SPRING BREAK3/30We are in the middle of an inter glacial period of an unknown length of time. The last glacier in the Midwest was about 10,000 years ago. Still some in Alaska that are so big they reach the sea in norwa. Some mountain glaceiers, but none that reach the sea. Some parts of scandanavia were covered in glaciers as recently as 5000 years ago.Icebergs are floating pieces of glaciers of land digin. “berg” means mountain and these are fresh water (from snow). Pack ice or sea ice is salt water that freezes in cold weather. Icebergs an be 50 miles across and 90% below the seas surface. Pack ice is 10-18 ft thick. Because of global warming, the glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at an unprecedented rate. If it all melts, the sea level could rise some 100ft. the water use to rise 6” every 100 years. Now it is said to rise 3 feet every 100 years.During ice ages, the snow glaciers that form from precipitation don’t melt, so there is no runoff and sea level falls. During the last ice age, sea level could have been 450 ft lower than it is now.4/1There are a few places in the world where the sea appears to be dropping. The Baltic sea. In Stockholm the harbors are drying up and the wharries are moving east to access the water. Remains of wharries arefound west in the fields suggesting the sea level has been going down for some time. This is caused