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UT Arlington BIOL 2457 - Chapter 13 Spinal Cord and nerves

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BIOL 2457 1st Edition Lecture 27Outline of Last Lecture Nervous Tissue Outline of Current LectureSpinal Cord and Spinal NervesSpinal Cord Anatomy Protective structures -protect the spinal cord and provide physical stability Vertebral column  Meninges Dura mater Epidural and subdural spaces Arachnoid Subarachnoid space – contains CSF Pia materExternal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord Two enlargements: cervical and lumbar Conus medullaris Filum terminale Cauda equina Posterior (dorsal root) & anterior(ventral) root Posterior (dorsal root) ganglion Spinal nervesSpinal Cord Internal Anatomy Anterior median fissure Posterior median sulcus Gray and white commissures Central canal Anterior, posterior & lateral gray horns Anterior, posterior & lateral white columnsSpinal Nerves Number and type 31 pairs Mixed nerves  Location Cervical (C1-C8)  Thoracic (T1-T12) Lumbar (L1-L5) Sacral (S1-S5) Coccygeal Connective tissue coverings Epineurium Perineurium  Endoneurium:Distribution of Spinal Nerves White ramus (myelinated axons) Gray ramus (unmyelinated axons that innervate glands and smooth muscle) Dorsal ramus (sensory and motor innervation to the skin and muscles of the back) Ventral ramus (supplying ventrolateral body surface, body wall and limbs) Each pair of nerves monitors one dermatomeDermatome Dermatome is the area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerves. [the trigeminal nerve]Brachial plexus  Formed by the anterior rami of C5-C8 & T1. Supplies the shoulders and upper limbs. Roots → trunks → divisions → cords → nerves.Brachial plexus continued Important nerves that arise from the brachial plexuses are Axillary nerve Musculocutaneous nerve Radial nerve Median nerve Ulnar nerve Injuries to the Brachial Plexus Erb-Duchenne palsy (waiter’s tip)- loss of sensation along the lateral side of the arm. Wrist drop- inability to extend the wrist and fingers. Injuries to the Brachial Plexus Median nerve palsy- numbness, tingling and pain in the palm and fingers. Ulnar nerve palsy- inability to abduct or adduct fingers Winged scapula- the arm cannot be abducted beyond the horizontal


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UT Arlington BIOL 2457 - Chapter 13 Spinal Cord and nerves

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