COMM 122 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture I. News II. RadioIII. Frequency vs. Wavelength IV. 3 Kinds of PropagandaV. ModulationOutline of Current Lecture I. NewsII. Advanced Wireless ServicesIII. Digital TV ChannelIV. TV Assembled in LinesV. Traditional TV CameraVI. Types of ScanningVII. Types of IntervalsCurrent LectureThe Library: quality and original programming- Don’t need to pay for a bundle of channels Technicalities continued: How TV Works; Storage & Delivery Systems These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Complex political battle: Obama wanted to extend unemployment benefits, Congress said no because it makes people lazy—they said they would only extend the benefits if you can find the money from something else (hoped it would be an excuse to cut various social programs)- Decided to auction of airwaves—use the money to pay for unemployment benefits - Space on the spectrum is scarce o Switch to digital: digital compression—more TV stations in the same space o Want to take the space from TV programs then pay them January auctioned off 65 MHz from (Advanced Wireless Services 3)Expected 10-15 billion—actually brought in $45 billion--$7 billion going to public safety network, the rest went to treasury- AT&T: $18.2 billion- Verizon: $10.4 billion- Dish: $13.3 billionThey said they were going to favor small business, businesses owned by minorities, and businesses owned by women)- Dish set up a bunch of fake companies (owned by fake minorities, women)—got a huge number of licenses and a discount of over $3.3 billion The original sound that is being produced is being digitized (not susceptible to all the kinds of static and interference) –Pulse Code ModulationCarrier wave: steady, no changes in amplitude or frequency - Side bands: above and below the carrier wave - Carrier waves + side bands represent a channel (5kHz above and below—AM=10kHz)TV channel (Analog, pre-digital): 6 MHz Digital TV Channel: digital compression allows more and more signals to be put in the same amount of space- From MHz to Mbps- One digital video program= 3.65 Mbps- 6MHz channel moves: 38+ Mbps of data (cable); 20 Mbps of data (broadcasting)o In the space of one traditional TV channel, you can now broadcast 5 channels in that same allocationTV is assembled in lines—pickup tube in camera then in looks at the scene, scans across and all the variations in light energy are transformed into variations in electrical current (more light=more charge)- Iconoscope: created by Vladimir—earlier TV images were based on mechanical spinning wheels, but the iconoscope allowed it to happen electronically- Vidicon- Plumbicon- CCD: Charged coupled device- CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide SemiconductorTraditional TV camera: target plate recognizes the image- CRT Screen: shoots out electrons—when the electrons hit the screen, each pixel lights up reproducing the same variations reproducing the picture o Screen is made up of red, green, blue dots—when the electrons hit those dots, it transforms into images- No Guns: each pixel is controlled by its own electrode—each pixel has 3 sub-pixels Types of Scanning:- Interlaced scanning: it does all the odd and then the even (happens 30 times (Frames)/second)- Progressive scanning: it does line by line scanning (smoother imaged because it doesn’t have to interlace all of the odds and evens)o Resolution: massive increase in the past 5-6 years (more pixels= more details, more lines)o Standard resolution:  Lines: 480 (i) Pixels: 150,000-300,000 o When we started using DVD’s and other types of enhancers—it increased Lines: 480 (p) Pixels: 300,000-400,000o HDTV Lines: 720 (p)/ 1080 (i) Pixels: 900,000-2 milliono Next stage: 4KTV= Ultra HDTV Lines: 2160 (Double HDTV) Pixels: 3840 Types of Intervals:- Retrace Interval: once the electron beam has scanned over, it must go back to the left and start over again - Vertical Blanking Interval: once the beam reaches the bottom of the screen, it must return to the topo These both take up time—there is an actual space of about 525 (but they can only actually use 480)Storage: traditionally disk or tape (you could record on tape)- Bought disk versions to build libraries - When we switched to CD’s—still not recordable until later Relay Technologies: (distribution, delivery,