SOC 302 1st Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture I.Strong constructionismII.Critical realismIII.Gender inequalityIV.Summers controversyOutline of Current LectureI. Culture builds men and women’s rolesII.ReproductionIII.Differences in men and womena.Emotionsb.Equality versus equityCurrent LectureCulture builds on nature. Cultures use men and women differently over time. Men are more expendable than women. Culture “needs” more women. “Different but equal” theory saysthat’s culture uses men differently. There are real differences between men and women, but abilities are often linked to disabilities. Historically, most men who have ever lived left no genetic trace behind. A woman’s chance of reproducing is two times that of men. Women didn’tneed ambition to reproduce, but men did. One value of men is the impulse to best one’s rivals. To be liked or loved is not as central a priority. Today, monogamy allows more men to reproduce. It reduces male reproductive competition and suppresses intra-sexual competition, which shrinks the pool of low-status, risk-oriented, unmarried men. This results in less crime, personal abuse, greater female equality, and greater economic productivity. Ultimately though, men have wanted more sex than children, and this has led to the creation of infertile sex. Are women more social? No, they are sociable differently. Women care less about what outsiders think than men do. Women are less apt to hit strangers, but they are also less apt to care for and help strangers. The same idea is apparent in crying. There is significant risk in men crying because other men will think badly about that man. For example, if a soldier cries for another soldier who just died, the rest of the unit does not want the man to cry because they cannot afford to lower morale. The same is true for These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.positive emotions. Any showing of emotions betrays a man’s position. While men appear confident and powerful, they know in their heads that they are vulnerable and not on top. We want equal opportunity, but equality is often mistaken for fairness. It isn’t. In a class for example, we have to have equity. We want to get out what we put into a class. Those who are smarter and study harder should make a better grade. Men, on average, are fonder of equity in their groups, while women are fonder of equality. This is because men operate best in groups and women operate best in intimate relationships.The social construction of gender, according to Baumeister, (a weak constructionist,) is partially nature and partially nurture. He contends that it would be best for people to appreciate the