ENVS 210 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. Coal fired power planta. Fossil fuels= anaerobic conditionsII. Where coal comes froma. Geologic time periods where it was formedb. How different types of coal formIII. Global coal reservesa. 5 largest coal producing states in USIV. shift to natural gasa. forms in 2 waysV. capacity and generationVI. frackingVII.Outline of Current Lecture II. natural gasa. methaneIII. energy consumption including transportationIV. crude oila. conventional crude oilb. unconventional crude oilc. US crude oil production d. extractionCurrent Lecture- Barnett shaleo 10860 wells for natural gas in this area- Natural gaso Russia has the largest % of world reserves, next comes Iran.o Most reserves from oil sand- Methaneo Natural gas that can be liquefied- just need o tower the temperature to -162C (-260F), p= 25KPa (compare: atmospheric pressure 101KPa)o Liquefied natural gas (LNG): the tanks hold very cold LNG, which is transported around the world in specially designed ships- Energy consumptions including transportationo Petroleum natural gas coalThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o In addition to electricity and transportation, natural gas is used in industrial processes, residential heating, ect.- Crude oilo Crude oil (petroleum)= a mixture of hundreds of different types of hydrocarbon moleculeso Oil refineries create petroleum products Refining= hydrocarbons are separated into different size classes and are chemically transformed created specialized fuels for many useso Conventional crude oil (petroleum) extraction Primary extraction= the initial drilling and pumping of available oil Secondary extraction= solvents, water, or steam is used to remove additional oil,but it is expensiveo Unconventional oil source= shale oil rock and the oil produce from the kerogen contained in it. US has 70% of the known shale oil reserves. Green River formation in Utah, Colorado, Wyoming Bakken shale= Williston North Dakotao US crude oil production surpassed imports o Us remained the worlds larges producer of petroleum and natural gas hydrocarbons in 2014 Petroleum production includes crude oil, natural gas liquids, condensates, refinery processing gain, and other liquids including biofuels. Barrels per day oil equivalent were calculated using conversion factor of 1 barrel oil equivalent= 5.55 million British thermal units (Btu)o Some oil is hard to extract, it is not worth the cost Technology limits what can be extracted Economics determines how much will be extracted As price rises, economically recoverable amounts approach technically recoverable amountso Proven recoverable reserve= the amount of oil (or any other fossil fuel) that is technically and economically feasible to remove under current conditionso Oil said (tar sand)= removed using strip mining. Huge reserves in alberta
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