Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture XVII. Midterm ReviewOutline of Current Lecture XVIII. Online CollaborationCurrent LectureXVIII. Online CollaborationIn the paper, Digital Maoism: The Hazards of the New Online Collaboration, by Jaron Lanier he makes multiple criticisms of the new online collaboration habits of our society- Television shows such as American Idol, have created a way for us to collectively think and be apart of an aggregate collaboration of what we think is good, bad, cool, fun, etc. However, Lanier believes that this has contributed to a cultural obsession that involves a lot of people thinking the same and liking what the mast majority of people like. - He describes this type of collaboration to be lacking novel or experimental because when using sources of content that contain a “like” attribute, it is watering down on the data that is out there and placing focus on the more popular music, pictures, etc.- He claims that such a social prominence of technologies is turning our discoveries into something where we are trying to become everyone else  “the aggregate” - On Wikipedia, Lanier thinks that there are two main problems: 1) Concerned about the aggregation of all the non-experts creating factual pages of content, deferring from the actual experts writing about and giving input on the information they have more factual information on. 2) It written awkwardly by lacking voice, tone, and personality as it is written by numerous people and their thoughts or sort of just thrown together in a paragraph. He further explains that such articles lack the chance to feel like a cohesive whole and really portray personality and tone in writing. o He supports the Romantic conception of authorship: as authors/writers/creators, they incorporate their own personality and experiences in a way that is tied to themselves and no one else is capable of creating the exact same work because of this individuality. In the paper, Wikipedia and the Death of the Expert, by Maria Bustillos she responds to Lanier’s criticisms by supporting what online collaboration has done for our culture and society.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Esoc 150 1st Edition- Bustillos believes that Lanier is just thinking of a Wikipedia page as just a Wikipedia page, and ignoring the fact that it provides collaboration of multiple people allowing the history of all the editing of the page to be viewable as well more than just a wiki page of some topico She believes that for the being that Wikipedia keeps track of all the arguments and editing of it’s pages by the authors, it provides much more than the paragraphs of information you gain access to all the behind the scenes story of how a topic was written- She makes a comparison between the encyclopedia pages that are written by experets to the collaborative Wikipedia site by saying that Encyclopedia pages are like alchemy and Wikipedia is chemistryo Chemistry wasn’t created until scientist and researchers began to collaborate and share their ideas with each other transparency and openness is what led us to be able to create what we know as chemistry.o This collaboration of different thoughts of people allows the process of learning to be more open so that people have the ability to grow and allow their topics of discussion to grow as well- Her main point is that real collaboration and growing through knowledge happens when there is movement away from copyrights and locking down content, which makes collaboration