DOC PREVIEW
UH NUTR 3336 - Diseases of the Neurological System
Type Lecture Note
Pages 16

This preview shows page 1-2-3-4-5 out of 16 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 16 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 16 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 16 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 16 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 16 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 16 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

NUTR 3336 Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture Renal Disease Kidneys Anatomy Each nephron is made up of glomerulus Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Ultrafiltrate formed by the glomerulus as blood passes through Filtrate then modified as it passes through tubules by either reabsorption of AA glucose selective minerals water or by secretion or solutes Kidneys Physiology Kidney has 3 functions Excretory Metabolic Endocrine Synthesizes Erythropoietin EPO which stimulates erythropoiesis Renal Disease NEPHROTIC SYNDROME NS Characterized by loss of protein in the urine proteinuria Marked deficiency of albumin in the blood hypoalbuminemia Renal Disease NEPHROTIC SYNDROME NS Epidemiology Occurs in 2 in every 10 000 people Results from an underlying disease Most prevalent in children Renal Disease NEPHROTIC SYNDROME NS Etiology DM Lupus Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis FSGS Amyloidosis Renal Disease NEPHROTIC SYNDROME NS Symptoms Anorexia Malaise Puffy eyelids These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Abdominal pain Muscle Wasting Ascites Anasarca Renal Disease NEPHROTIC SYNDROME NS Pathogenesis Oliguria ARF Hypoalbuminemia Edema Atherosclerosis Renal Disease CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE CKD A syndrome in which progressive irreversible loss of kidney function due to kidney damage Progression to end stage renal disease ESRD CKD stage 5 results in need for RRT or kidney transplantation GFR stages of Kidney Function Renal Disease CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE CKD Epidemiology The number of individuals expected to receive RRT or transplantation in 2010 651 000 22 mortality rate Renal Disease CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE CKD Etiology DM HTN Glomerulonephritis Hereditary cystic and congenital renal dz Interstitial nephritis and polynephritis Renal Disease CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE CKD Signs and symptoms are R T the kidney s inability to perform normal homeostatic control functions Such as fluid and electrolyte balance Results in Edema Uremia Hyperphosphatemia Metabolic Acidosis Azotemia Oliguria HTN Anemia Bone mineral disorders Microcytic anemia Iron deficiency Renal Disease ACUTE RENAL FAILURE ARF Characterized by decrease in GRF and decrease in kidney s ability to excrete metabolic waste Etiology Dehydration Trauma Drugs Cancer Renal Disease ACUTE RENAL FAILURE ARF Pathogenesis Loss of LBM Toxicity Metabolic Disturbances Energy and Protein Malnutrition Symptoms Fluid and electrolyte imbalances Azotemia Wasting Renal Disease NEPHROLITHIASIS Kidney Stones Epidemiology 7 to 21 per 10 000 Etiology Risk factors Family Hx Hypercalciuria Hyperuricosuria Hyperoxaluria Low urine volume Renal Disease NEPHROLITHIASIS Kidney Stones Symptoms Pain Nausea Vomiting Pain Urinating Urgency to urinate Diseases of the Hematological System Nutrition Pathophysiology Carla Ferrell MS RD LD The Hematological System Involves Bone marrow and spleen Lymph system Liver Endothelial vasculature The Hematological System Dietary factors closely tied to hematopoiesis include Iron Zinc Copper All B vitamins Vitamin A K and E The Hematological System Blood Composition Mature and immature RBC WBC Platelets Plasma Tranferrin Nitrogenous Waste Nutrients The Hematological System A and P Erythrocytes comprise the largest percentage of the blood volume Erythropoiesis RBC can be made from stem calls or mature from recticulocytes Under control of erythropoietin Released from the kidney or liver The Hematological System A and P RBC structure Erythroblast Reticulocytes WBC structure Granulocytes Monocytes The Hematological System Development of Hematological cells Most hematological dz have some nutritional component associated with their induction or treatment All blood components are generated from the bone marrow stem cells Bone Marrow Function Hematopoiesis Differentiation of antibody producing plasma cells Monitoring of Hematopoietic cell quality The Hematological System Development of Hematological cells Bone Marrow Normal function depends on Intact marrow architecture Availability of key nutrients Regulatory hormones Failure can be induced by Damage that effects differentiation Damage that alters the marrow s microenvironment The Hematological System Hemoglobin Has an iron center Iron not found free in circulation Iron stabilized within the heme subunit of hemoglobin thus protecting cellular membranes from oxidation The Hematological System Homeostatic Control Hemostasis Tightly regulated Thalassemia A group of related blood disorders Blood clotting Affected by Trauma Autoimmune dz Malignancy Inborn errors of metabolism Supplementation with omega 3 FA Medications Nutritional Anemias Anemia Defined as a decrease in red cell mass or hemoglobin content below physiological need as set by tissue and oxygen demand Analysis of anemia Seek mechanism by which the anemia occurs Identify associated diseases that cause anemia Evaluate morphologically Nutritional Anemias Anemia Contributing factors Puberty Living 4000 feet above sea level Clinical Assessment Look for signs of developing anemias Nutritional Anemias Microcytic Anemias Iron deficiency is the MOST common nutritional anemia Result of poor iron intake with greater needs Mineral Excess Calcium Zinc Copper Manganese Can interfere with iron absorption Nutritional Anemias Microcytic Anemias Contaminants such as lead may interfere with iron metabolism Nutritional Anemias Iron Deficiency Iron deficiency anemia is a sign of a underlying disease Causes Blood loss Dietary intake Malabsorption Western diet Men usually fine Menstruating women usually have losses beyond intake as well as multiple pregnancies Nutritional Anemias Iron Deficiency Diagnostic Evaluation Reduced Serum Iron Increased Transferrin May cause Pica Other factors Iron Deficiency in Infants Children Childhood obesity Immunity Pregnancy Nutritional Anemias Iron Deficiency Disease States Impaired Thyroid Function CV disease CA Trauma HIV AIDS Alcoholic Liver Disease AN PKU Nutritional Anemias Megaloblastic Anemia Impaired DNA synthesis leading to delayed division of all rapidly proliferating cells Causes Folic Acid or B12 deficiency Usually related to nutritional deficiency dz of stomach or small bowel pregnancy Etoh CA chemo Nutritional Anemias Megaloblastic Anemia Pathophysiology Folic Acid Deficiency causes fragmented DNA B12 Cofactor necessary for RBC production Nutritional Anemias Hypochromic Anemia Inadequate or defective


View Full Document

UH NUTR 3336 - Diseases of the Neurological System

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 16
Download Diseases of the Neurological System
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Diseases of the Neurological System and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Diseases of the Neurological System 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?