HIST 105 1nd Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Lexington and Concord II. Second Continental Congress III. Common Sense IV. Declaration of Independence V. Republicanism Outline of Current Lecture I. Shay’s RebellionII. Articles of Confederation of Perpetual Union III. Problems with the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union IV. Constitutional Convention- Two big DebatesV. ResultsVI. Ratification Current LectureNote: Country founded on virtue.American Revolution over 1783- People are not very virtuous- Lack of virtue on the state levelI. Shay’s Rebellion o 1786 in Massachusetts- After the war both the country and the states are in debt - Massachusetts has largest debt - Taxes- major issue - Land - Commerce - Massachusetts - Terrible roads and the state won't fund road improvements - Western legislators have trouble getting to Boston These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Question wether to tax land or commerce, western legislators (farmers) can't get there- Vote to tax land ( bate taken when western legislators were not present) - Tax must be paid with hard cash (farmers didn't have cash) - Lower half of Massachusetts vote to have the tax paid in installments - Better for farmers - Upper house says no - Farmers must now paid all at once in cash - Land foreclosure a begin because farmers don't have cash - Leadership of Daniel Shays - Auctions stopped- 2,000 followers - Stand at auctions with guns - Success goes to their heads - Decide to match on state arsenal at Springfield - Samuel Adams - Calls Shays a traitor - Sends in Massachusetts Militia- Few of Shays’ men are killed - Shays escapes, is captured, is tried and sentenced to death, and pardonedo 1785-1787 Almost every state had an agrarian revolt West vs. East Clear lack of virtue Also, lack of virtue on National level II. Articles of Confederation of Perpetual Union of the States o 1781- Unicameral government - One branch - Legislative - No executive- Congress runs the country - All states have 1 vote - Make war and peace - Coin/borrow money- Conduct foreign policy - Run post office - Dealing with Native Americans - Loose/ weak federal government Done on purpose because they just threw off a monarchy More power in the states III. Problems 1. Mutual and Voluntary- No power to force the states to pay their taxes to support the federal government - Only 1/6 of all requested taxes are paid 2. Cannot be amended without a unanimous vote - All states have to agree - Rhode Island always says no 3. State Rivalries- Trade barriers - Tariffs - No national economy 4. Cannot get congressmen to show up to work for the federal government - The states are more powerful 5. The United States has no international respect- British still in forts in the old northwest - States are making secret deals with other countries - Barbary pirates - No one is in charge (according to Europeans)o 1785- meeting at Mt. Vernon to discuss digging a Potomac Canal o 1786 Annapolis, Maryland Interstate trade Want to change articles George Washington agrees IV. Constitutional Convention o 1787 Philadelphia May-August 55 men from all states (except Rhode Island) Washington Franklin Jefferson (not present, in France) Adams (not present, in England) All agree to keep their debates a secret James Madison permitted to keep a detailed record that is only to be released after his death Wanted to focus on ideas, not personality - James Madison- “Father of the Constitution”- 36 years old - Introduce Virginia Plan- Virginia Plan - Strong executive- Federal court system - Bicameral legislative branch (both upper and lower houses based on population of a state)- 3 branches of government - New Jersey Plan - Introduced by New Jersey - States MUST pay taxes - First argument- Power of large vs small states - Connecticut Compromise Senate (two senators appointed by each state) House of Representatives (number of representatives based on population and all money bills start in the House) - Second Argument - Slavery - Think that slavery is dying- Agree to ban international slave trade in 1808- Total population of a state = whole number of free people + 3/5 number of unfree
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