PSYX 100 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I II III IV V Cognitive Emotion Physiological Emotion Behavioral Emotion Theories of Emotion Culture and Emotion Outline of Current Lecture I Prenatal Development II Environmental Factors III Childhood Development Current Lecture I Prenatal Development a Prenatal period conception to birth i Zygote one celled organism formed by the union of sperm and an egg b 3 phases germinal embryonic fetal c Germinal stage first two weeks after zygote formation i Includes conception implantation of sperm and placenta formation ii Placenta 1 Allows oxygen and nutrients to get to fetus 2 And allows waste to go from fetus to mother d Embryonic stage about two weeks to two months i Vital organs and systems develop ii Miscarriages most frequently occur in this stage e Fetal stage 2 months to birth i Continued growth movement begins brain cells multiply ii Organs begin to function iii Age of viability age at which a baby can survive out of the womb 24 26 weeks after conception f Low birth weight vs prematurity i Premature born early ii Low birth weight less than 5 5 pounds iii Consequences These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II 1 Increased risk of infant death 2 Problems with attachment how children need attention and affection from a primary caretaker 3 Problems with cognitive development Environmental Factors in Pregnancy a Teratogen any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period b Maternal nutrition increased risk of birth complications if a fetus is not receiving proper nutrients c Maternal drug use major effects on prenatal and long term development d Maternal illness e Maternal stress daily living stressors stressful work environment financial concerns etc trauma natural disasters etc f Maternal drug use i Legal drugs ii Aspirin correlated with low birth weight poor motor development iii Heavy caffeine use low birth weight miscarriage iv Nicotine miscarriage prematurity cancer in childhood attention problems 1 These do not all occur in every situation but are correlations v Alcohol fetal alcohol system FAS 1 Intellectual disability impaired motor coordination attention memory language 2 Physical symptoms slow growth characteristic facial abnormalities vi Illegal drugs 1 General effects prematurity low birth weight breathing difficulty death at birth general range of defects g Maternal illness i Measles rubella syphilis mumps severe influenza chicken pox genital infections STIs ii Complications of pregnancy and childbirth unsafe abortions reproductive tract infections sexual violence and women dying from avoidable cancer are just a few problems in this area h Prenatal Healthcare i Prenatal health care should begin early 1 Historical lack of healthcare for women 2 The politicization of women s reproductive health
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