Psych 205 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. The Humanistic Approach: Part 1Outline of Current Lecture II. The Humanistic Approach: Part TwoIII. Application: Person-centered therapy and job satisfactionIV. Assessment: Q-Sort techniqueV. Strengths and criticisms of the humanistic approachCurrent LectureIn todays lecture we talked more about the Humanistic Approach and Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. We learned about person-centered therapy and how it applies to job satisfaction. We also learned what the Q-Sort technique is and some strengths and criticisms of the Humanistic Approach.Misconceptions about Maslow’s hierarchy of needs-Maslow recognized this is an overly simplified model in some ways-Assumption that lower needs must be satisfied before turning to higher needs-At any moment our behavior is motivated by needs from all levels-85% physiological, 70% safety, 50% belongingness, 40% esteem, 10% self-actualization needs satisfied-Description of need hierarchy as universal-Means of satisfying a particular need varies across cultures-Assumption that any behavior is motivated by a single need-Behavior is the result of multiple motivationsStudy of psychologically healthy peopleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Maslow believed that knowing self0actualization people can provide lessons others could follow for fulfilling their true potential-Used a “holistic” analysis of people- considered all the information he had collected-Used it to make a list of characteristics of healthy peopleThe self-actualized person-Characteristics-Accept themselves for who they are and admit to their weaknesses; don’t get caught up in them-Work to improve themselves while feeling good about their strengths-Perceptive, know how they are “supposed” to act but don’t feel the need to do so-Self actualizing creativity-findings new and interesting ways to communicate ideas-Few friends, deep and rewarding friendships, strong need for solitude also-Peak experiences- ‘time and place are transcended” ; growth experiencesPeak Experiences-Not all self actualized people have them and non self-actualized people can have them too-Types of psychologically healthy individuals-Non-peakers have a clear direction in life-politicians,reformers,society workers-peakers- less conventional and more concerned with abstract notions (poets,musicians,artists)Optimal Experience-Moments in which a person’s attention is entirely focused on a activity-Become so involved in what you’re doing, nothing else matters-Referred to as “flow”Components of the Optimal Experience-Activity is challenging and skillful-One’s attention is completely absorbed by the activity and the activity has clear goals-Our jobs often can provide a sense of mastery, accomplishment, enrichmentApplication: Person-Centered Therapy-Roger’s point of view-Therapists can’t understand client like client understands him/herself-The client is responsible for change not therapist-Therapists job is to provide an atmosphere where client can make changes (person-centered therapy)-When this therapy is complete, the client can be more open to experiences, accept himself or herself, resist use of defenses, and be more fully functioning and happier-How?-Starts with creating a proper relationship with clients-open and genuine-Reflection-helping clients understand their own thoughts and feelings-not just repeating what they say, therapists provides suggestions only and they accept them for who they areApplication: job satisfaction-Maslow-keeping a job for paycheck only is a huge waste-Jobs can satisfy people’s needs for belongingness, self-esteem, and respect for others-Match your talent and potential to the job-Eupsychian management- rearranging an organization to help employees satisfy higher level needs and careers provide an avenue for personal growthHow do we demonstrate effectiveness of therapy?-Q-sort technique-has been used to assess a wide variety of psychological concepts-California Q-sort-Deck of 100 cards with self-descriptive phrases and sort the deck into 9 categories of how you see yourself, ranging from extremely uncharacstic to extremely characteristic-The catch: you can only put a certain number of cards in each pile, then sort the deck again, this time based on your ideal self and then conduct a correlationAssessment: Q-Sort Technique-Clients whose real and ideal selves are unrelated have zero correlation-Negatively correlated if real and ideal selves are at opposite sides-Goal of therapy is for the real self-ideal self-correlations to increase as clients move through psychotherapyStrengths of the humanistic approach-Emphasis on the healthy side of personality-Some roots in today’s positive psychology-Huge impact on approach to therapy-Therapists from other theoretical perspectives have adopted aspects-Growth of encounter groups-Concepts used in other friends as well (business and education) Criticisms of the humanistic approach-Reliance on the concept of free will to explain human behavior-Makes it difficult to conduct research-Science assumes events are determined by other events-Can attribute anything to “free will”-Humanistic psychologists response is statistical determinism-Key concepts are poorly defined: self-actualization, fully functioning-Maslow said we don’t know enough about these to describe them further-Limited applicability of psychotherapy techniques-only useful for narrow list of issues-Naïve assumptions about human nature-we are all basically good and have a desire to fulfill our potentialSelf-Disclosure-Self-disclosure: revealing intimate information about oneself to another person-Important for personal growth and happiness, necessary for understanding oneself (Rodgers)-But how much o we actually do this?-Rodgers felt we went to great trouble to hide aspects of ourselvesSelf-Disclosure in Therapy-Clients benefit most from the exchange of thoughts and feelings with therapist-Appropriate self-disclosure by therapist is beneficial-Mixed research about relationship between therapist disclosure and client
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