Chapter 8 Cell cycle and mitosis E u k a r y o t i c c h r o m o s o m e D NA p a c k a gi n g c h r o m a t in h i s t o ne p r o t e i ns n u c l eo s o m e S i s t e r c h r o ma t i d s Centromere C e l l cy c l e i n t e r p h a s e G l SG 2 m i t o t i c p h a s e a l lt h e p h as e s o f m i t o s i s a n d m e i os i s Cytokinesis C e l l p l a t e f o r m a ti o n i n p l a n t s G a m e t e s a n d t he l i f e c y c l e o f s e x u a l o r g a n i s m Process of mitosis Process of meiosis O r i g i n s o f g e n e t ic v a r i a t i o n Non disjunction D o w n s y n dr o m e A b n o r m a l n u mb e r o f s e x c h r o mo s o m e s C h a p t e r 10 C h e m i c a l s t r u c t u r e o f DN A Polynucleotide S u g a r p h os p h a t e ba c k b o n e DNA replication DNA polymerases F l o w o f g e n e ti c i n f o r m a t i on f r o m D N A t o R N A t o P r o t ei n T h e g e ne t i c c o de S t a r t a n d s to p c o de s T r a n s c r i p t i o n i ni t i a t i o n e l o n g a t i o n t e r m i na t i o n M e s s e n g e r R NA T a i l a n d ca p o f m R N A I n t r o n s a n d ex o n s RNA splicing tRNA Ribosomes T r a n s l a t i o n i n i t i a t i o n e l o n g a t i o n t e r m i n a ti o n M u t a t i o n s t y p e s o f m u t a ti o n s m u t a ge n s Chapter 9 Character trait S e v e n c h a r ac t e r s o f p e a p l a n t s t u d ie d b y M e nd e l M e n d e l s l a w o f s e g r e g at i o n Monohybrid crosses Homozygous Heterozygous D o m i n a n t al l e l e Recessive allele P u n n e t t s q u a re Phenotype Genotype M e n d e l s l a w o f i n de p e n d e n t a s so r t m e n t Family pedigree H u m a n d i s or d e r s c o n t r o l l e d b y s i n g l e g e n e R e c e s s i v e d i s o r d e rs Dominant disorders I n c o m p l e t e d o mi n a n c e Codominance multiple alleles P l e i o t r o p y a n d s i c k l ec e l l d i s e a s e G e n e t i c r e c om b i n a t i o n c r o s s i n g o v e r S e x c h r om o s o m e s a n d s e x l i n k e d g e n es cx0 C 1 A XIC J0 A ii e X K i caJUAA I HjpJO k W aJ J iLeui sze t aJl n c4 t C22HM15mq a Li lAjJxJjJ A ok T t h CJkMtoQ S SxAiiMrh bJ A m 2 mLAi moM KAJ tAy jj id S b J z pM 10 f0 7 P T pkxiS o fll oln tsiy kaMlux R I cy k 0 UaM Pwp s rA hmQSniflL A cah cXiiVH a y UJjMl OUAl ljcrC kX ifaltSL 5 idA M W l ffouMcu mm kijM ht J c aajww 2 3 71 CUUL DSx Vh O CM olJI pAAA iloyj itiruk Vo 4 4 g kJaJddijL jM sir I pajVed up jy Mzib L O cusa aoMfc IjJaAiSMO zfrruKi XAMS L 7 LC W j v 6WjyWd o awcwiyf r IvfoUalcJP ka e h Hbijdr OajL zii t rv O r s foocby fjZ LOpLkMr 3 k K Wa t pcrAAS s OMflu0 nnmnn S iCAlPr fcl L jdiflS hh hId l CUAyQ c vhv A t ich jAoi bujj s W Cxlto fhrO AAJ gW t 0 l L Scjf CuryyL YnJTM 23T cA nosL rron MA P do nhbht MtAui gcic rj ra lL A J T v jUA CMO u jAJL jij fhu AljL CA Ajsyvjo S t vt O ld cD javi 7 i dz pM3 Aljm Z ZhUdStK ysscrvj XVJ XEi wsopw f TWVJKf FPP e vsw y yryw yopi wn swspw jjf jsvi TNWJ jpffl Z c W fwV yrztf T i m n wv j rp dmyTrw y n 7 r r im ojmmj pSu y fva7fr WWWWf Juwd J y0o h kOMi dj poA i 93 uo whuie doiiii C0 r Gl svJc f U Hl YK dljjjywsfcBrj vK a k jfofL Mb MdAVl dM Jl Ovur S VCj lAXtAil Y uMd JW k AiywLmjMtcnM h Ji aJk bodiA k V kosfilz Mwirryi tieyCf S p e iM d Mcidlm uaJ JddSfL V L 7 lApf f iALfcnt CJAM HAJL CjrwJiu udfdJ iJthz faMdom mabhUMi 9 OMd pt n n Cfmbn t h …