AGRI 3610 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide CHAPTER 11 1. Of the three basic classes of pesticides: stomach poisons, fumigants, and contact poisons, be able to identify which is most commonly used in insect control. - Insecticides 2. Know the four basic types of contact synthetic insecticides we focused on in the lecture. - Organochlorides (chlorinated hydrocarbons)- Organophosphates- Carbamates- Pyrethrords3. Inorganic pesticides have mostly now been banned. What property did this class of pesticides have which resulted in many of them being banned. - DDT4. There are two basic modes of action for the four types of insecticides, Be able to explain how each mode of action works (both axon poisons and synapse poisons) and which insecticide type has which type of action. - The two modes are axon and synapse. (Study the charts to know how they work). Axon poisons: Organochlorides and Synthetic Pyrethrords. Synapse poisons: Organophosphates and Carbamates. 5. DDT belongs to which class of insecticides. List several properties of DDT which results in DDT being banned in the U.S.- DDT belongs to class Organochlorides (chlorinated hydrocarbon). Many reasons forthe band is the characteristic stability, fat solubility, and it is broke down into many different enzymes that are harmful for humans and takes many years to get rid of. It is also carried to higher ends of the food chain and that causes failure to the population. 6. One organophosphate was identified in lecture as the most heavily used, used for fruit fly and aphid control, and relatively less toxic than other organophosphates. Be able to identify this organophosate. 7. All pesticides have three different names. What are those names? If given a label to identify each different name from the label. - CAUTION, WARNING, & DANGER 8. Know the differences between a label and an MSDS. Which is a legal document, which contains the most information for emergency workers, which lists directions for use? - Labels are a legal document, and it is always attached to the container. MSDS it is a Material Safety Data Sheet and it usually required to be premises and available for use. MSDS must be obtained by the user and not included with the container. MSDScontains the most information for emergency workers. Labels lists directions for use. 9. Define these termsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Personal protective equipment: equipment used to keep a person safe. This includes long-sleeves, long pants or coveralls, gloves, goggles, wide-brimmed hat, boots and respirator. - Using a pesticide ‘off label’: is a legal matter and can lead to fines and lawsuits (labels)- Cross-resistance: is the tolerance to a usually toxic substance as a result of exposure to asimilarly acting substance. - Pest resistance: is the ability of a life form to develop a tolerance to a pesticide. 10. What is the principle advantage the generation 4 synthetic Pyrethrords have over generation 3 Pyrethrords? - Generation 4 is more potent than generation 311. Which class of insecticides are mostly heavily used in urban and residential settings? - Pyrethroids Understand the mode of action of Neonicotinoids (Disrupts post-synaptic receptors). Know the name of the most widely used insecticide that belongs to this class and the types of insects it is most effective against. - Study the model to understand how the mode works. Imidacloprid is most widely used insecticide of the group and it is used against sucking insects, soil insects, termites and turf insects.Botanicals Several different botanicals discussed. Know the source of these botanicals. If given a common name be able to identify if that pesticide is a botanical. - Pyrethrums: most widely used botanical ( extracted from mum flower petals, breaks down quickly in sunlight)- Rotenone: second mostly used botanical (extracted from roots of legumes, used as a spray )- Azadiractins: (extracted from seeds of Neem tree, does not kill, interferes with growth, development and reproduction) - D-limonene: (extracted from citrus peels, used against fleas, ticks, mites and lice, can be harmful to mammals) Formulations Be able to identify what a formulation abbreviation stand for. Abbreviations are listed throughout this study guide. Be able to define the following:Suspension: is most frequently are powers that are suspended in water (not dissolved). Over time it will settle in the bottom for the container, most suspension will have a cloudy or milky appearance while suspensions will have a transparent appearance.Emulsion: is two immiscible liquids that do not mix together, each liquid retains in identity and is unchanged and it is usually cloudy often white Invent emulsion: a suspension of small droplets of water in an oil. Some formulations are now produced as invert emulsions. Solvent is usually fuel oil. Advantage is that this solvent has less drift, less runoff, more rain resistance Emulsifiable concentrate (EC or E): consists of active ingredient (AI) insoluble in water. Active ingredient is dissolved in a solvent and (will not mix) with water Solutions: a liquid or solid chemical (active ingredient) which is completely dispersed (not suspended) in water or oil). Water soluble ingredient dissolved in water and oil-soluble ingredient dissolved in oilFlowables (F or L): is an active ingredient insoluble solids, it is finely ground AI mixed with wet clay to form a pudding-like suspension, mixed with water for application, and it required constant agitation to stay suspended in water. Aerosols (A): it contains one or more AI and a solvent, and is usually contain a low percentage of AI. It is ready-to-use spray cans, and smoke or fog generators Dusts (D): most are ready-to-use, most contain low amounts of AI (o.5 to 10%), and also contains a very fine dry inert carrier (chalk). Used on livestock, seed treatment and flowers gardens Granules (G): it is similar to dust formulations, larger and heavier. It is made from adsorptive materials, and is usually applied to soil to control weeds, nematodes and insectsWettable Powders (WP): it is finely ground, looks like dust, it is usually mixed with water, applied as a spray, does not dissolve in water and will settle out unless constant agitation is used Soluble Powders (SP): looks like Wettable powders, requires initial agitation, dissolves easily and forms a