Campbell s Biology 9e Reece et al Chapter 3 Water and Life Life evolved in the ocean and the chemistry of life occurs in an aqueous environment These questions explore the properties of water that are important to sustain life s chemical processes organismal physiology and interactions of organisms with their environment Quantitative properties such as heat content molarity and pH are also addressed A few questions address how human activities affect the global environment through acid rain and acidification of the ocean Multiple Choice Questions 1 In a single molecule of water two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by A hydrogen bonds B nonpolar covalent bonds C polar covalent bonds D ionic bonds E van der Waals interactions Answer C Topic Concept 3 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 2 The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule What is this attraction called A a covalent bond B a hydrogen bond C an ionic bond D a hydrophilic bond E a van der Waals interaction Answer B Topic Concept 3 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 3 The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because A the oxygen atom acquires an additional electron B the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus C the oxygen atom has two pairs of electrons in its valence shell that are not neutralized by hydrogen atoms D the oxygen atom forms hybrid orbitals that distribute electrons unequally around the oxygen nucleus E one of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom Answer B Topic Concept 3 1 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 1 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education Inc 4 Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen but has electronegativity similar to carbon Compared to water molecules molecules of H2S A will ionize more readily B will have greater cohesion to other molecules of H2S C will have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other D will have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature E will not form hydrogen bonds with each other Answer E Topic Concept 3 1 Skill Synthesis Evaluation 5 Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with A compounds that have polar covalent bonds B oils C oxygen gas O2 molecules D chloride ions E any compound that is not soluble in water Answer A Topic Concept 3 1 Skill Application Analysis 6 Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water A Lakes don t freeze solid in winter despite low temperatures B A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond C Organisms resist temperature changes although they give off heat due to chemical reactions D Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating E Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants Answer B Topic Concept 3 2 Skill Application Analysis 7 Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink A Molecular collisions in the drink increase B Kinetic energy in the drink decreases C A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink D The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases E Evaporation of the water in the drink increases Answer B Topic Concept 3 2 Skill Application Analysis 2 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education Inc 8 A dietary Calorie equals 1 kilocalorie Which of the following statements correctly defines 1 kilocalorie A 1 000 calories or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 000 C B 100 calories or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 1 C C 10 000 calories or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 F D 1 000 calories or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 C E 1 000 calories or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 100 C Answer D Topic Concept 3 2 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 9 The nutritional information on a cereal box shows that one serving of a dry cereal has 200 kilocalories If one were to burn one serving of the cereal the amount of heat given off would be sufficient to raise the temperature of 20 kg of water how many degrees Celsius A 0 2 C B 1 0 C C 2 0 C D 10 0 C E 20 0 C Answer D Topic Concept 3 2 Skill Application Analysis 10 Liquid water s high specific heat is mainly a consequence of the A small size of the water molecules B high specific heat of oxygen and hydrogen atoms C absorption and release of heat when hydrogen bonds break and form D fact that water is a poor heat conductor E higher density of liquid water than solid water ice Answer C Topic Concept 3 2 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 11 Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize A ionic bonds B both hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds C polar covalent bonds D hydrogen bonds E both polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds Answer D Topic Concept 3 2 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 3 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education Inc 12 Temperature usually increases when water condenses Which behavior of water is most directly responsible for this phenomenon A the change in density when it condenses to form a liquid or solid B reactions with other atmospheric compounds C the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds D the release of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds E the high surface tension of water Answer C Topic Concept 3 2 Skill Application Analysis 13 Why does evaporation of water from a surface cause cooling of the surface A The breaking of bonds between water molecules absorbs heat B The water molecules with the most heat energy evaporate more readily C The solute molecules left behind absorb heat D Water molecules absorb heat from the surface in order to acquire enough energy to evaporate E The expansion of water vapor extracts heat from the surface Answer B Topic Concept 3 2 Skill Knowledge Comprehension 14 Why does ice float in liquid water A The high surface tension of liquid water keeps the ice on top B The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking C Ice always has air bubbles that keep it afloat D Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water E The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water Answer D Topic Concept 3 2 Skill Application Analysis 15 Hydrophobic