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MSU ANTY 101D - Kinship 2

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Kinship 2Descent Systems: Recognizing AncestryEconomyComponents of EconomiesModes of ProductionModes of DistributionValue, Kinship & EconomySharing, Reciprocity & GiftsANTY 101D1st Edition Lecture 25Kinship 2Descent Systems: Recognizing Ancestry-Cognatic descent= both sides• Bilateral kinship= trace descent through mother AND father • foragers & western post industrial societies -Unilineal descent= one side• Tribal societies: pastoralists & cultivators • Patrilineal (60%), Matrilineal (30%), Ambilineal or Double (10%)• Lineage— trace line to a names ancestor -Lineages are kinship corporations; exist beyond individual members • Clan— trace lineages to an ancestral being Economy -The cultural mechanisms that organize the production, exchange and consumption of goods and services -Universal principles? or Culturally Embedded?• Are humans strategic and rational actors? 1• Marcel Mauss: importance of non-capitalist gift exchange in non-industrial economies -gift exchange happens universally Components of Economies -Production • Organization: Household? embedded in kinship? Subsidized? (Technology and Resources)-Distribution • Reciprocity, Redistribution & Exchange-Transfer of goods/services between people -Consumption• Priorities; basic needs v. perceived needsModes of Production -Kin-ordered• obligation to family; lineage -Tributary • Social stratification; (chiefdoms & feudal systems)-Capitalist (pre & post-industrial)• Private property; economic stratification • workers sell labor power2• surpluses for profit/reinvestment • Money is mediator; not social relations Modes of Distribution -Reciprocity: Exchanging goods and services of approximate equal value between 2 parties • Generalized v. Balanced v. Negative -Generalized: rooted in a relationship that in the long term will balanced out• Parents and children-Balanced: happens with peers or social equals• taking turns driving to bridger, buying each other coffee, ect. -Negative: People who are not social equals or in close relations • both are trying to get the better end of the deal other the other• bartering -Redistribution: Goods/money pooled and redistributed by central authority • Tribute, taxes; social stratification; requires surpluses production -Market Exchange: goods/services calculated in terms of multi-purpose medium of exchange (money) according supply/demand/price (the market)Value, Kinship & Economy -Anthropologists are interested in how things come to have ‘value’• Things have value because someone says its is valuable and everyone agrees 3• inherent v. culturally determined-How social relationships organize the production, exchange and consumption of goods and services -An important aspect of social economy is gift giving Sharing, Reciprocity & Gifts -Why do we give gifts?• Show affection or make a statement about a relationship, birthdays-Cultural examples (American)• Why are we taught to share? • Santa Claus -never have to give him a gift back, no reciprocal relationship -no strings attached— then its not a gift• gift is about


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MSU ANTY 101D - Kinship 2

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