PHIL 1273 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. AdvertisingA. Savan Reading1. Utilitarian Ideas2. Deontological Ideas3. Virtue Theory IdeasII. SummaryOutline of Current Lecture I. Employers and EmployeesA. OverviewB. Sexual HarassmentCurrent LectureI. Employers and EmployeesA. Overview1. Treatment of employees in light of race and gendera. Individual actions  group situationsb. Proposed remedy, Affirmative Action2. Employee action in relation to employer – “whistleblowing” and loyalty3. Use of moral theoriesB. Sexual Harassment1. Use as an example of individual action2. EEOC Definition (Shaw 444)a. “Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal orphysical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when (1) submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment, (2) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual, or (3) such conduct has the purpose or effect of substantially interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment.”3. “Quid pro quo” (this for that) Casea. Boss asks for sexual favors either to advance employee or to avoid set backsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Can be between people of any genders but the majority of cases involve men harassing women4. “Hostile Work Environment” Casea. No specific demand but persistent climate of remarks and behaviorsb. Rises to level of psychological harmc. Same with ethical, racial, religious slurs5. Why is sexual harassment wrong?a. Focused on moral sense, not legal sense, though relatedb. Utilitarian reasonsi. Immediate harm to victimii. Long-term harm to victimiii. Lessened productivity of firmc. Deontological reasonsi. Victim treated as a means, not an endd. Virtue Theory reasonsi. Bad effects of character of victim and harasser6. Response to wronga. Easy (conceptually)i. Stop the offensive conductii. Punish the offenderb. Becomes more difficult, however7. From individual to groupa. Individual acts of harassment relate to broader condition of the groupb. Harassment as a form of discrimination on the basis of sexc. (Shaw 442)i. “In viewing sexual harassment as a violation of the 1964 CivilRights Act, however, the courts are rightly acknowledging that such behavior, and the larger social patterns that reinforceit, rest on male attitudes and assumptions that work against women.”a. Comparable worthii. Broader than one individual doing wrong to another- Localized cases of lower pay for particular women- More concerned with “pay gap”o General “way of doing things”o Based on social attitudesiii. What is the moral issue?- Utilitarian perspectiveo Lower pay keeps costs down for consumerso Lower income for women means less welfare, especially where women are heads of the