BIOLOGY 151 1st Edition Lecture 28 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Calvin Cycle (x3) 2. Photorespiration - when good rubisco goes bad3. To keep CO2 concentration high...4. Light Reactions vs. Dark Reactions 5. Pigments absorb light energy6. Photosystem 2 gives high energy electrons to H+ pumping electron transport chains7. Photosystem 18. Why do cyclic scheme?Outline of Current Lecture 1. Plants have mitochondria2. Mitochondria3. Different cells use different biochemistry4. Electron donor and acceptor5. Electron donors and acceptors in eukaryotes6. Prokaryotes7. Cyanobacteria8. Some prokaryotic chemotrophs get energy from reduced organic molecules (organotrophs)Current Lecture - 3/25/15Plants have mitochondria:- make sugars during sunlight, get energy from them during the night- many plant cells cannot do photosynthesis, get sugars from cells that doMitochondria:- mitochondria genome encodes mitochondrial ribosome proteins and rRNA, components of ATP synthase and the electron transport chain- mitochondria are inherited in the egg- animals get carbon from organic molecules from outside the cellDifferent cells use different biochemistry:- differences in...- 1) Carbon source - organic (heterotroph) or inorganic (autotroph)- 2) energy source - molecules (chemotroph) or sunlight (phototroph)- 3) electron donor and acceptor- a plant is an autotroph and phototroph- animal is a chemotroph and heterotrophElectron donor and acceptor:- animals cells get their high energy electrons from organic molecules- photosynthetic plants get a lot of their electrons from H2OElectron donors and acceptors in eukaryotes:- plants: donor = H2O (in chloroplasts)- "final" acceptor = oxygen (in mitochondria) (and reduced organic molecules)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- animals, fungi: donor = reduced organic molecules (in glycolysis)- "final" acceptor = oxygen (in mitochondria) (and reduced organic molecules)Prokaryotes:- bacteria and archaea- have even greater variety of metabolic pathways- some look like us or plants- some look very different- can exploit environments and foods that eukaryotes can not - do cyanobacteria use respiration?- chloroplasts evolved from free-living cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)Cyanobactera:- have thylakoids with PS2 and 1, ATP-synthase- respiratory electron transport chain in both thylakoids and cell membrane- Calvin cycle- glycolysis and modified citric acid cycleSome prokaryotic chemotrophs get energy from reduced organic molecules (organotrophs):- possibilities -- aerobic respiration: ATP synthase, electron transport chain with O2 as final acceptor- anaerobic fermentation: no electron transport chain, no ATP synthase- anaerobic respiration: ATP synthase, electron transport chain, but different electron acceptor- some chemotrophs get high energy electrons from inorganic molecules to run electron transport chains (lithotrophs = rock eaters)- some are aerobic, CO2 final electron acceptor) some not- autotrophs (carbon
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