PSYC 350 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 13-173/5-Schizophrenia-Symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, flat mood, stimulus overload, inability to function.-Catatonic schizophrenia is the reluctance or inability to move for long periods of time.-Paranoid schizophrenia loses sense of reality with hallucinations and delusions.-Betty was paranoid schizophrenic-She had delusions of monks telling her to kills herself, words running across her forehead, and blood running down people's faces.-She also had the delusion that cops were always after her.-The high risk period of schizophrenia is in the early 20's.-Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are due to over activity, negative symptoms are due to brain deterioration. 3/24-Hallucinations are things you see, hear, smell, feel or taste that isn't real.-Stimulus overload causes the inability to screen out the hallucinations, keeping brain arousal constantly high and making the patient unable to tell what's real and what isn't. Not listed in the DSM.-Positive symptoms are the hallucinations and delusions, due to brain overactivity.-Negative symptoms are the flat mood, apathy, inattentiveness, and lack of pleasure. Due to brain deterioration.-Positive symptoms are a rapid onset in adolescence or adulthood, good prognosis.-Negative symptoms are a slow onset and begin early, poor prognosis.-Men are diagnoses with the disorder at a younger age because they are more likely to have negative symptoms.-Lower class people are more likely to be diagnoses because of downward social drift, poorer treatment, bias in diagnosing, and pregnancy issues.-Rates are relatively the same across cultures.-Psychological explanations for schizophrenia include bad or inconsistent mothering (invalid), suggesting symptoms, biochemical problems, trauma, and genetics.3/26-Physiological approaches are too much dopamine causing high brain activity.-Drugs that reduce dopamine reduce symptoms.-Damage to the prefrontal cortex disrupts thinking.-Damage to the temporal lobes creates impaired language.-Hippocampus damage makes memory loss.-Amygdala damage creates flat mood.-Schizophrenia is largely genetic.-Prolonged labor or reduced oxygen at birth can make the fetus schizophrenic.-Treatments include neuroleptic drugs that block dopamine receptor sites, used to treat positive symptoms.-Thorazine and Haldol are the original neuroleptics, but they caused dyskinesia (involuntary motor behavior starting in the face).-Atypical neuroleptics block more receptor sites in nerve tracts leading to the cortex, but fewer in the motor control area. 3/31-Paranoid personality disorder-inaccurate suspicion and distrust of people-Schizoid personality disorder-lack of interest in people and showing little emotion.-Schizotypal personality disorder-similar symptoms of schizophrenia but less severe, socially isolated.-Borderline personality disorder-unstable personal relationships (love and hate), emotionally unstable, unstable sense of identity, behaviorally unstable (impulsive, suicidal, self-mutilating). These patients have symptoms of severaldisorders combined, they are tough to live with.-Antisocial personality disorder-aka psychopath or sociopath, they appear to be normal but have no anxiety or guilt. They have no conscience and can't be stopped. They lack anxiety because they don't classically condition well due to low arousal in the brain and problems in the frontal lobes.4/2-Childhood provides foundation for later in life.-ADHD is due to underactivity in the inhibitory neurons in the frontal lobes.-The brain becomes overly active and you're constantly shifting attention.-The prevention for this disorder are not effective.-Biological trauma during pregnancy, childbirth problems, ingesting lead, andsmoking during pregnancy are known causes of ADHD.-Food additives are responsible for about 5% of ADHD cases.-Conduct disorders involve aggression, destruction, lying, theft, and rule breaking.-Conduct disorders can continue into adulthood if they're not treated.-More common in African-Americans due to cultural factors.-Autism is a serious and long-term problem-Symptoms include impaired social functions and fascination with minor objects.-Exposing them to normal behaviors and rewarding them for behaving normally