ZOL 341 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I Chromatin remodeling II Epigenetic modifications III Chromosome bands IV Chromatin Outline of Current Lecture II Mutation III Frequency IV Point mutations V Effects of substitution mutations Current Lecture mutation an inherited change in DNA can occur in somatic can occur in germ line cells rare and occur at random mutation frequency in haploids the number of times mutation alters a particular gene in diploids the number of mutational events in a given gene over a defined period of time most often per DNA replication cycle hotspot of mutation a gene that has a higher mutation frequency than others in a given genome point mutations localized mutations that occur at a specific identifiable position on a gene base pair substitution the replacement of one nucleotide base pair by another transition one purine replaces another or one pyrimidine replaces another These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute transversion a pyrimidine is replaced by a purine or vice versa effects of substitution silent does not alter the resulting amino acid sequence missense results in an amino acid change in the protein nonsense creates a stop codon in place of a codon specifying an amino acid
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