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Clemson BIOL 3350 - Kin Selection and Antibiotic Resistance
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Biol 3350 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. Social interactions create the opportunity for both conflict and cooperationII. Adaptive Behaviors vs. Altruistic BehaviorsIII. AltruismIV. Hamilton’s RuleV. Beldings Ground SquirrelsVI. White Fronted Bee EatersVII. MeerkatsOutline of Current Lecture I. Mechanisms of Kin RecognitionII. Associative Learning III. Phenotype MatchingIV. Recognition AllelesV. Eusocial SocietiesVI. Honey Bee ColoniesVII. Naked Mole RatsVIII. Importance of Evolution for Human HealthIX. How do bacteria acquire resistance?X. Antibiotic ResistanceCurrent LectureI. Mechanisms of Kin Recognitiona. Spatial proximity (learning)i. Individuals in my nest are kinb. Associative learning (learning)i. Individuals I interact with all the time are kinc. Phenotype matching (learning & genes)i. Individuals that resemble those I interact with are kind. Recognition alleles (genes)i. Individuals that have my alleles are kinII. Associative Learning a. In this study, the fish are observed to see if they hangout with their kin in the aquarium b. Associative – fish hangs out with those that they were brought up with, not necessarily kinThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. Phenotype Matchinga. Those that are reared alone, stay aloneb. Those that were reared with kin, prefer kinc. Those that were reared with non-kin, do not have a preferenced. Similar odors, behavioral calls, displays help cue into those who are familiar/relativesIV. Recognition Allelesa. No learning is involved in recognition allelesb. Whether reared alone, with kin, or with non-kin, always prefer kinc. This had been suggested for some species of tadpolesV. Eusocial Societiesa. When organisms are on tracts to be a helper, they usually adapt to not even being able to reproduceb. Parental care - all of those who you interact with are your kinc. Reproductive division of labor – helpers cannot go back and start to reproduced. Overlapping generationse. The degree of relatedness between sisters is r=0.75f. The degree of relatedness between sister and brother is r=0.25 because the maleonly receives one set of chromosomesg. The more related to someone, the more cooperative/altruistic behaviorVI. Honey Bee Coloniesa. If the females help to raise their sister, they will benefit moreb. Queens influence worker behavior by keeping their reproduction suppressed VII. Naked Mole Ratsa. Only one female breeds (she’s the queen) and only about 3 males that reproducewith herb. The other rats are workers that help to raise the babies and keep the colony goingc. The workers are steriled. 2 castes of workers – one focuses on getting food and the other focuses on burrowing and getting foode. The pheromone produced by the queen prevents the other females’ ovaries fromdevelopingf. When the queen dies, the ovaries of the other females start to mature and they fight to the death to become the next queenVIII. Importance of Evolution for Human Healtha. Pathogen evolution – better targeted drugs and vaccines; disease origin and spreadb. Humans and selection – body as selective agent; Darwinian medicine; evolutionary constraintsIX. How do bacteria acquire resistance?a. Bacteria has advantages over us due to their large population size, quick mutationsb. Transfer of plasmids between each other allows for resistance development without reproducingc. Mutationsd. Lateral transfer of plasmidse. Viral transfer of resistance genef. Scavenging of resistance geneX. Antibiotic Resistancea. Resistance can be obtained through a gain in function by acquiring a plasmidb. Those bacteria that are not resistance will not survive and reproduce, so they arenot favoredc. The benefits outweigh the costs when in the bacteria is in the presence of antibioticsd. Using the same antibiotic overtime increase the generations over which the bacteria is exposed to ite. Avoid overuse of antibiotics to not over-expose the bacteria to the antibiotics and develop resistancef. Using antibiotic soaps and cleaners favors the mutations in bacteria to become fixed in the populations and become resistant g. Targeting species bacterial strains limits


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Clemson BIOL 3350 - Kin Selection and Antibiotic Resistance

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