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UIUC KIN 122 - Cardiovascular Disease - Part 1

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Kin 122 1st Edition Lecture 16Current LectureCVD• Hypertension• Coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease• Angina• Heart attack• Peripheral arterial disease • Congestive heart failure• Arrhythmias• Stroke • Heart failure• Congenital heart defects• Arrhythmias• AneurysmsCVD facts• About 600,000 people die of heart disease in the US1 in every 4 deaths• Leading cause of death for both men and women• Most common: Coronary heart disease, kills nearly 380,000 people each yearCHD alone costs the US $108.9 billion each yearIncludes the cost of health care services, medications, and lost productivity• Every year about 720,000 Americans have a heart attack205,000 happen in people who have already had a heart attack• Death rate has dropped by >25% in last 10 years –WHY? • Increased awareness of risk factors• Early detection• Improved medical technologyRisk factors review• An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or an inborn/ inherited characteristic that is known to be associated with health-related conditions• When present long-term can increase the probability of developing chronic disease or the probability of premature death These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.The cardiovascular system• Consists of:1. Heart2. Blood vessels3. Blood• Transports oxygen, nutrients and waste products throughout the bodyBlood vessels• Arteries: carry blood away the heart• Veins: carry blood to the heart• Other vessels:• Arterioles: small arteries• Venules: small veins• Capillaries: smallest vessels, exchange O2/CO2 between blood and tissueThe heart• Function: pump blood throughout the body• Beats 60-100 times per minute (at rest)• Pumps 2,000 gallons of blood per day• 100,000 contractions per dayContraction of the heart• The heart is a muscle, it contracts and relaxesContraction = systole Relaxation = diastoleHeart anatomy• 4 ChambersRight and left atriaRight and left ventricles• 4 ValvesRegulate flow of blood through the heart• Coronary arteriesProvide blood supply to the heartBefore hypertension – blood pressure• What is blood pressure (BP)? Force of our blood on arterial walls• Where is blood pressure normally taken? Brachial artery• Will blood pressure be the same at all locations in the body? Not the same at all locations• What is happening during systole? contraction• What is happening during diastole? Relaxation • How much of the heart cycle is spent in systole and diastole? 1/3 contraction, 2/3 relaxationBlood pressure• Normal blood pressure = 120/80 mmHg• Hypertension = abnormally high pressure on the artery walls Systolic > 140 mmHg and/orDiastolic > 90 mmHg• Diagnosis after several BP measures over 1-3 monthsHypertension• Essential (primary) hypertension: Most common type (90-95%)No underlying medical cause Likely combination of genetics + lifestyle• Secondary hypertension: Less frequent (5-10%)Cause related to a disease (e.g., renal disease)Hypertension• About 1 in 3 U.S. adults has high blood pressure“Silent Killer”- no symptomsUncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to:AtherosclerosisStrokeHeart attackPeripheral artery diseaseChronic kidney diseaseRetinopathyHow to reduce high blood pressure?• Lifestyle modificationLose weight if overweightRegular physical activityAvoid excessive alcoholStop smokingManage stressHealthy eating - reduced sodium & fat- DASH diet• Pharmacological management:Antihypertensive drugsRegular PA and hypertension• Regular physical activity =stronger heart → pump more blood with less effort → force on your arteries decreases → lowersblood pressure• Exercise can reduce systolic BP by 5-10 mmHg Takes 1-3 months Can reduce need for medication• Regular exercise can keep BP from rising as we age Benefits of BP reduction• A reduction in BP of 10/5 mmHg = Reduce risk of heart attack by 15%Reduce risk of heart failure by 50%Reduce risk of stroke by 38%Reduce risk of death by


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UIUC KIN 122 - Cardiovascular Disease - Part 1

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