Psych 111 1st Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture I. IntelligenceOutline of Current Lecture I. MotivationII. emotionCurrent Lecture- Motivationo Why do people (or other animals) do the things they do?o “Why do you want to climb Mt. Everest?” “Because it is there” – George Malloryo Motivation: Underlying reasons that initiate behavior o Drive-Reduction Theory Behavior is biologically determined, innate patterns - Bees building hives- Birds migrating-- Internally rewarding Homeostasis- Balance of physical states- Body seeks to restore balanceo When low on food, blood sugar (glucose) dropso Body sends signal to brain in responseo Brain interprets signal as hunger- Signals are sent on based on average levelso What send signalsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Hypothalamus Biological Factors Influencing Hunger - The hypothalamus o Destruction leads to Failure to eat at all Failure to stop eating Depending on which area is damaged Environmental Factors Influencing Hunger- At the buffet…o Obese individuals tend to… Sit closer to the food Choose a seat facing the food Obtain their food before sitting down Eat a wider variety of food Clean their plate- Motivation: Social Needso McClelland’s Needs Theory of Work Motivation People react to the same situation differently- Have different social needs- Social needs motivate behavior Need for achievement (nAch)- Need to succeed in attaining goals- Not only realistic ones but also challenging ones Need for affiliation (nAff)- Need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others Need for power (nPow)- The need to have control or influence over others - Belonging o Ostracism The act of being ignored or excluded from a group o Effects of ostracism Immediate Only minimal groups required Painfulo Cyber Ball Placed in an fMRI machine Experimenter tells you two others are in two magnets You will be playing catch They begin to exclude you- Emotiono Amygdala Responds to emotional stimuli Engages behavior consistent with emotiono Universal Emotions Some facial expressions are universally recognized o Display Rules Learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings- Some cultures reward emotional expression- Other cultures punish emotional
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