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UConn PSYC 1103 - Therapy

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PSYCH 1103 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. Types of schizophrenia a. Paranoid type b. Catatonic type c. Disorganized schizophrenia d. Undifferentiated schizophrenia II. Explanations for schizophrenia a. Genetic factorsb. Dopamine hypothesis c. Neuroanatomy III. Personality disorders a. Axis II b. Three clusters of personality disorders IV. Treatment of psychological disorders a. Therapists b. Psychoanalysis Outline of Current Lecture I. Humanistic therapy II. Client-centered therapy III. Behavior therapy IV. Techniques for behavior modification a. Systematic desensitization b. Joseph Wolpe c. Exposure techniques d. Floodinge. Positive reinforcement f. Extinction g. Punishment h. Aversion conditioning V. Cognitive- behavior therapy VI. Beck’s cognitive therapy VII. Does psychotherapy work?Current LectureI. Humanistic therapya. Humanistic psychologyi. Human drive toward positive development b. Featuresi. Treatment is between equals, not a doctor-patient relationship ii. Development (and improvement) will occur on its own given the right conditions iii. Experience in the client-therapist relationship creates conditions for improvement iv. Clients must remain responsible for how they think and behave II. Client-centered therapy a. A humanistic approach, Carl Rogersb. Unconditional positive regard i. Not a contingent on how they behave ii. Treating client as valued person iii. Acceptance without conditions of worth c. Empathy i. Therapist develops an emotional understanding of client d. Reflection i. Therapist summarizes client’s feelings and thoughts e. Congruence i. Therapist acts in a genuine manner with client III. Behavior therapy a. Psychological disorders reflect learned patterns of behaviors that are maladaptive i. Not a matter of discovering and reinterpreting one’s self story ii. Not about self-control, but realigning with the contingencies in theenvironment 1. Stimuli, rewards, punishments b. Features i. Develop productive client-therapist relationship ii. Establish list of behaviors and thoughts to be modified, rather than global syndrome iii. Therapist as instructor who helps provide structuring for plans to deal with problems iv. Continuous monitoring of treatment with possibility for adjustments IV. Techniques for behavior modification a. Systematic desensitization i. Treatment for phobias ii. Not ever really happening to you you’re just imagining it iii. Virtual reality applicationsb. Joseph Wolpe i. Client visualizes increasingly stressful situations ii. Focus on relaxing iii. “You see a picture of a snake”iv. “You see a live snake in an aquarium”1. Feel a little calmer v. “You find a snake in your boot” 1. Systematically bring up/down intensity of phobia c. Exposure techniques i. Exposure to feared stimulus d. Flooding i. Long and intensive experience ii. Very fearful at first, then slow habituation iii. Sometimes introduced gradually e. Positive reinforcement i. Operant conditioning: a particular behavior becomes awarded ii. Token economies iii. Wide range of application f. Extinction i. Gradual disappearance of unwanted behavior ii. Remove reward g. Punishmenti. Undesirable behavior receives unpleasant consequence ii. Less used h. Aversion conditioning i. Pairing stimulus with negative experience ii. Classical conditioning V. Cognitive-behavior therapy a. Identify maladaptive patterns of thought b. Use learning principles to change them c. Grounded to the idea that how one construes the world determines how one feels and acts VI. Beck’s cognitive therapy a. Errors in logic and attribution can lead to some psychological disorders i. Anxiety and depression were his major focus b. Cognitive distortions i. More subtle than delusions ii. Bad ways of thinking of what’s happening to you iii. Catastrophizing 1. Small problems are magnified into major issues iv. All-or-none thinking 1. Single case sets the rulev. Personalization1. Events are about ME c. Treatment involves:i. Identifying logical errors, false beliefs, etc. ii. Treating them as hypotheses iii. Client and therapist work to test these hypotheses iv. For example: “No one loves me”1. Agree on what loving behavior looks like 2. Seek evidence of that behavior in personal relationships VII. Does psychotherapy work?a. Eysenck reported that the clients who received NO therapy did better than those who did! i. Seemed to hold regardless of type of therapy ii. Review of many, many studies b. Problems?i. Very few were experimental designs 1. People who seek treatment likely to be worse ii. Reporting all relevant studies c. How do you measure improvement?d. Would we expect all therapies to be equally effective for all disorders?e. Task force from American Psychological Association i. Created a map of disorders x treatment ii. Ratings of strength of research support f. For example: depression i. Strong research support for behavior therapy and behavioral activation ii. Strong research support for cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy iii. Modest research support for short term psychodynamic


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UConn PSYC 1103 - Therapy

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