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UM PSYX 385 - Guest Lecture: Cognitive Approaches to Personality
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PSYX 385 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Fundamental AssumptionsII. Understanding Operant PrinciplesIII. Assumptions continued IV. Behavioral Approaches EvaluatedV. Cognitive ApproachesVI. Gestalt PsychVII. Gestalt Principles AppliedOutline of Current LectureI. Cognitive approaches to personalityII. Basic premiseIII. Gestalt psychologyIV. Kurt LewinV. George KellyVI. Personal Construct theoryVII. Observational LearningVIII. Albert BanduraCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Cognitive Approaches to PersonalityBasic Premise1. How we think and perceive composes personalitya. We interpret and evaluate the world in unique and consistent waysGestalt Psychology1. Started in Germany2. Gestalt= German for pattern or configuration3. 3 basic tenetsa. humans seek meaning in their environmentsb. experienced sensation is organized into meaningful perceptionsc. the whole is greater than the sum of its partsKurt Lewin1. Field theory: behavior is determined by interactions among a person’s psychology, environment, and relationship between person and environment2. Contemporaneous causation: behavior is caused by all of the influences that are present in the individual at that moment3. Field Dependent: influenced by salient aspects of context4. Field Independent: less influenced by context; more from internalized factors5. Most gender difference: F(field dependent), M (field independent) rod and frametestGeorge KelleyPersonal Construct Theory1. Worked as a counselor in rural Kansasa. Used ‘freudianisms’i. People can be successful at changing their lives if they would attempt to see things differently2. Kelley’s basic premisea. Humans as ‘amateur scientists’i. Experiences = data1. We need to predict others’ behavior and how events will proceed2. We maintain/revise predictions with experience3. Personality= distinct ways of categorizing people/events and making predictionsa. Constructs (ie, categories) aid prediction3. Fundamental postulatea. Interpretation and expectations (constructs) guide our behavior and compose personalityb. ‘corollaries’ describe how constructs are developed and organizedc. ‘constructive alternativism’= no one need be prisoner to his/her own construct system4. Role construct repertory testa. Systematic comparison of interpretations we makei. Dimensions reflect constructs used to understand/predict behaviorii. Sorts differ for each of us…the constructs will differObservational LearningAlbert BanduraObservational learning1. learning through observing others2. we decide to perform what we observe3. bobo doll experiment—modeling aggressive behavior4. Learning theory expanded: principlesa. Cognitive processes are central to human behaviorb. Instead of reacting, people plan/predict consequences of actionsc. We acquire behavior without direct reinforcement5. The self systema. Evaluates and regulates behavior: facilitates goals given environmental demandsb. Triadic reciprocal dimensioni. Interactive model where each element affects the otherc. 2 types of cognitive expectanciesi. outcome expectancy1. beliefs regarding the outcome of behavior2. positive expectancy= more likely3. negative expectancy= less likelyd. Cognitive expectanciesi. Self-efficacy1. Beliefs regarding one’s competence in behavioral performance in a given situation2. Influenced by…a. Experiences with same/similar behaviorb. Vicarious experience (observational)c. Verbal persuasion from othersd. Emotional reaction to


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UM PSYX 385 - Guest Lecture: Cognitive Approaches to Personality

Type: Lecture Note
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