Chem 101 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture II. SolutionsA. Aqueous solutionsIII. Properties of SolutionsIV. Concentration calculationsV. MolarityOutline of Current Lecture VI. Acidsa. Strong acidsb. Weak acidsVII. Basea. Strong bases b. Weak basesVIII. Neutralization reactions Current LectureI. Acidsa. Acids are chemical substances that form hydrogen ions [H+] in aqueous solutionsi. Acids neutralize alkalis ii. Reacts with reactive metalsiii. Reacts with some organic dyes to cause them to change color1. Example: Turns litmus rediv. Is typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kindv. Acids are electrolytes b. There are many different definitions for acids but the one stated above will be the one used in this class.c. Dissociation Reaction: in chemistry and biochemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into smaller particles such as atoms, ions or radicals, usually in a reversible manner.i. Example of a acidic dissociation reaction:HCl  H+ + Cl-These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. On page 178 in your chemistry textbooks is a table you need to memorize and befamiliar with: Names, Formulas, strength and sources of various acids:i. Hydrochloric acid / HCl / strong / pool chemicalsii. Nitric acid / HNO3 / strong / acid rainiii. Sulfuric acid / H2SO4 / strong / car batteriesiv. Acetic acid / HC2H3O2 / weak / Vinegarv. Carbonic acid / H2CO3 / weak / Soft drinkvi. Hydroflouric acid / HF / weak / wheel cleaner vii. Phosphoric acid / H3PO4 / weak / hair coloringe. Acids can be weak or strong- indicating whether the acid is a weak or strong electrolyte.i. Remember that electrolytes are any substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in a suitablemedium or melted and thus forms a conductor of electricity.f. How to determine if an acid is strong or weak? i. Weak acids only partially dissociate into its ions while a strong acid will completely dissociate into its ions. 1. Oxioacids  have oxygen in the formula 2. Haloacids  have hydrogen in the formulaG. Take note of the number of oxygens and subtract the number of hydrogens you are dealing with. If you have more than 2 for your answer then it is a weak solution. If you have 2 or less it is a strong solution.g. Naming Acids: you take the root name anion  add “ic” and acid at the endi. Examples: sulfate  sulfuric acid Phosphate  phosphoric acidII. Bases a. Bases any substance that dissociates into OH- in water i. It is often slippery to the touchii. Has a bitter tasteiii. Changes the color of indicators 1. Ex: turns red litmus paper blueiv. Has the ability to neutralize acidsv. Promotes certain chemical reactions (base catalysis).vi. Is an electrolyte b. How can you tell if a base is strong or weak?i. Bases with metals from G1 or G2 in the formula are strong bases ii. Bases with ammonia [NH3] are weak. This is the only one you will need to know for this class.III. Neutralization reactiona. acids and bases will undergo a neutralization reaction upon mixing to produce water and salt. i. Example: HCl(aq) + KOH (aq)  H2O(l) + KCl (aq)Acid base  water