ANSC 303 1st Edition Lecture 24Outline of Last Lecture I. First Limiting Amino AcidsA. SwineB. ChickensC. TurkeysD. HorsesE. HumansII. Crystalline AAIII. Protein Requirements:Outline of Current Lecture I. Fatty Acid SaturationII. Fatty Acid IsomersA. Geometrical isomers B. Chain branchingIII. Physical TraitsIV. Fatty Acid NomenclatureV. Omega SystemVI. Essential FAVII. TriglyceridesCurrent LectureI. Fatty Acid Saturationa. Saturated FA = no double bondsb. Unsaturated FA = double bondsi. Monounsaturated: one double bondii. Polyunsaturated: more than one double bondc. Increase in double bonds = decrease melting point = decreased stability II. Fatty Acid Isomersa. Geometrical isomers due to double bondsi. Cis - natural, bend in chainii. Trans - not common, straight chains, bacterial synthesisThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Chain branchingi. Straight - mammals and plantsii. Branched - bacterial III. Physical Traitsa. Unsaturated FA oxidize spontaneously in oxygenb. Add vitamin E to unsaturated FA to keep good (also used as antibiotic)c. Antioxidants prevent oxidization d. Methelene interrupts double bonds i. Less double bonds = increased melting point = increased stability IV. Fatty Acid Nomenclaturea. Named according to chain length and number of double bondsb. Ex. Stearic acidi. 18 carbonsii. No double bondsiii. C18:0c. Used to tell the chemical structure of a lipidi. Chain lengthii. Location and number of double bondsd. Two notation systemsi. Delta 1. List location of all double bonds starting at carboxyl end (end with -COOH)ii. Omega 1. Only lists the first double bond 2. Starts counting at the methyl end (left end) 3. Assumes all bonds are 3C apartV. Omega Systema. Animal can put in double bond in the ommega 9 position, not omega 3 or 6b. This makes omega 3 and omega 6 essential VI. Essential FAa. Tissue that cannot be synthesized from the precursorsb. Linoleic acid (18:2)n6c. Linolenic acid (18:3)n3d. Arachidonic (20:4)n6i. Can be synthesized from c18:2ii. Needed in the cate. Functions:i. Components of phospholipids in cell membranesii. Precursor for prostaglandins and arachidonic acidiii. Metabolic regulatorVII. Triglyceridesa. FA structure common in dietary lipidsb. Composed of glycerol and 3 FA (same or mixed) connected with ester
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