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UofL COMM 305 - Exam 3 Study Guide
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COMM 305 1st EditionExam #3 Study Guide Chapters 6, 7, & 8 Chapter 6FilmHistory and development of the Film industry:1816- process of photography developed by Joseph Niepce- First person to make use of camera and film1839- Inspired Louis Daguerre who introduced daguerreotype- Used metal plates and silver iodide emulsion to capture image1841- Talbot introduced calotype-Calotype- Used translucent paper, exposure only requireda few second-Daguerreotype was much more popularThe Early Entrepreneurs of Film-Stanford and Muybridge use photography to win horse race bet-Mid-1800- Muybridge’s zoopraxiscope (projects slides onto a distant surface)-Persistence of vision- Image stays in the brain for 1/24 of a second-Edison and Dickson- Edison wanted a better projector, but dickson developed a better system of filmingMovies and their Audiences--Audiences are very young in age generally- teens to 20’s-Highest grossing films attract younger kidsScope and Nature of the film industry-1.4 billion tix/yr-Average cost of producing and marketing a hollywood feature is over $108 Million-Distribution: getting movies out to their various sources (networks, videos, DVDs, etc.)-38,000 movies screens exhibiting motion pictures in the U.S.-One half of screens are owned by a studio or chain-Concessions sales count for 40% of the theater’s profitsMovie Studios- Three types-Majors- Ex. Disney, Finance their own films through their own profits-Corporate independents-Feel like indies but are actually a lot like the majors-Independent Studios- outside of the majors, joint ventures between multiple independent studios,with the help of abig name, to get a movie produced.Trends and Convergence in Movie-Making-Conglomerate and Blockbuster Mentality-Blockbuster Mentality-Reboots, using the same theme again in a film because it generated a lot of revenue.-All studios except MGM are part of a major part of large conglomerate-Concept films- You can microbe what happens in the movie in one line-Studios conduct audience research to test the market-Franchise films- series, trilogies, sequels-Merchandise Tie-ins-Product placement- movies featuring a product A LOT- Growing relationships between theatrical films and TV because of technology advances in TV. -Microcinema movement- digital cameras, film, editing -Digitization and convergence-Online distribution of feature films taking hold -Movies now available on ONdemand -Sales of movie tickets decreased from 2003-2009-movies not as good-fewer successful movies-movies no longer top choice of entertainment -increased prices-rude moviegoers Developing Media Literacy Skills - Awareness of efforts of movie industry to maximize income from films is central to good film industry. Chapter 7RadioShort history about radio and sound recording- Early radio- Guglielmo Marconi “father of the radio”- Nikola Tesla- mad scientist type, wasn't as popular as Marconi- 1903- Reginald Fessenden invented the liquid barretter.-allowed for reception of voices- 1906- Lee DeForest invented audion tube- saw radio as broadcasting-1877- Thomas Edison patented the “talking machine”- Early Sound recording- 1887- Emilie Berliner developed the gramophone (could be copied)- 1905- Columbia Phonograph company introduced the two-sided disc- The coming of broadcasting- Sarnof’s “Radio Music Box Memo” predicted the radio as we know it- The government go involved after the war; aided in the development- American Marconi, General Electric, American Telephone &Telegraph, and Westinghouse joined to create the radio corporation of America (1919)- First radio broadcast, Pittsburgh, PA, KDKA in 1920- The coming of regulation- Wireless ship act of 1910- Required all ships that docked in U.S. ports w/ more than 50 passengers to have a wireless radio- After Titanic the Radio Act of 1912 was passed- Required wireless operators to be licensed by the secretary of commerce and labor- Radio Act of 1927- Created the Federal Radio Commission (FRC) to regulate stations.- The trustee model has two premises:-spectrum scarcity: there are a finite number of airwaves. So, if you get a license, you must accept regulation.-Radio is broadcasting…and therefore influential.-Communication Act of 1934- Replaced the radio act of 1927- Replaced the FRC with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)- Profits were made but the radios and advertising- First ad- 1922- New York- 10 minutes for brownstone apts.- Advertising lead to national radio networks, and affiliates- delivered larger audiences- realized greater advertising revenues- hired bigger stars- produced better programming- By 1938, National Broadcasting Company (Red) (1926), NBC Blue (1927), Columbia Broadcasting System (1927) and Mutual (1934) affiliated all the large U.S. stations- Only Mutual did not have Owned &Operateds- NBC was forced to sell NBC Blue in 1943…became American Broadcasting Company- Fundamental basis- Radio broadcasters are privately, commercially owned- Gov. regulation based on public interest- stations licensed specific localities, but national networks programmed the most lucrative hours- Entertainment and information ofered- advertising forms financial support- The Golden Age (networks in 1960s)- homes with radios increased from 12 million in 1930 to 30 million in 1940- Genres formed- Comedy- Audience participation- children’ s- soap operas- Used during WW2 to increase moral and sold war bonds- Paper shortage, no new radio station licenses- Television arrives-$35 million in 1960, the year TVs in 90% of U.S. homes- Network affiliation dropped to 50% stations went local- After TV, DJ’s saved radio with Top 40- DJ’ s were color deaf- African American performers had to be covered by white artists before it aired.-Genres such as R&B and rock n’ roll questioned racist practiceChapter 8TV is the best communication device since the printing press-1884 Paul Nipkow invented first device for generating electoral signals for transmitting a scene-Nipkow disc- Mechanically scanned pixels into parallel lines to make a picture -John Logie Baird- 1928 transmitted a TV picture from London to New York using a mechanical diskElectronic Scanning - Vladimir Zworykin- 1923- iconoscope tube- first practical TV camera tube- 1929- Kinescope improved picture tube (RCA)- Philo Farnsorth- Perfected a design first showed to a high school teacher- Made his first public demonstration of TV in 1927 - was a clip of a prized fightRCA presented the


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UofL COMM 305 - Exam 3 Study Guide

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