Lecture 16March 26 – Exam 3, 32 slide powerpoint- Strategies for finding food – efficiency is critical; C/B ratios, avoiding predators, etc.o Problems Seasonal variation in food supply Competition with others for food Predator exposure Food refuses to cooperate- Strategy 1 – searching actively o Persistence in foraging C/B analyses – when and why?o Learning to decide what and where When to quit and search for something else Developing a search image- Tinbergen- Search image – where attention evoking power of an object is enhanced by reinforcement/punishment o Often directly related to prey density Taste sensitivity – special tissue needs may determine what to eat - Food cravings when pregnant o Social aspects Chimp food hoots, chickens clucking Communication of source of food by bees (von Frisch)- Round dance, sickle dance, waggle danceo Angle relative to position of the sun (or gravity inside the hive)- Strategy 2 – searching passively o Saves energy, but prey must move Waiting period can be used in other ways - Choosing waiting site and competition for the most excellent site is critical Ambush site should be downwindo Camouflage (cryptsis) and mimcry o Devices – spider webs, ant lion pits Lures – herons provide shade to attract minnows, alligator snapping turtle tongue o Mimicry – praying mantis mimicking flowers Female fireflies mimicking flash code of other species to attract/eat males - Strategy 3 – growing your own o Ant and termite species that actively cultivate edible fungi and bacteria - Strategy 4 – cooperative hunting o Ability to plan, communicate those plans, signal changes while the hunt is on Social animals more likely to gang up on prey - Lions taking down an cape buffalo, giraffe, elephant- Wolves, hyenas Archer fish – spurt stream of water at insects to make them fall- 3D visual capability PSYC 311 1st Edition- Alcohol – found in ripe fruit and fermented; high calorically with specific odor o African fruit ferments quickly and is sought out by animals Gets them drunk - Spices – many spices will kill bacteria and can be preservatives o Can aid in digestion, provide minerals and vitamins - Dirt – counters/removes toxins and provides for dietary needs **need-driven diet
View Full Document
Unlocking...