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UM BIOH 113 - Heart Anatomy
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BIOH 113 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. LeukopoiesisII. Leukocyte DisordersIII. PlateletsIV. Hemostatic DisordersV. Blood TransfusionVI. Transfusion ReactionsOutline of Current Lecture I. Heart AnatomyII. Layers of the HeartIII. External HeartIV. Atria and VentriclesV. Coronary CirculationVI. Fetal StructuresVII. Microscopic Anatomy of Heart MuscleCurrent LectureI. Heart Anatomya. Approximately the size of your fistb. Location: i. Superior surface of the diaphragmThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Left of the midlineiii. Anterior to the vertebral column; posterior to the sternumc. Coverings of the heart:i. Pericardium- double-walled sac around the heart composed of:1. A superficial fibrous pericardium2. A deep two-layer serous pericardiuma. The parietal layer lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardiumb. The visceral layer or epicardium lines the surface of the heartc. They are separated by the fluid-filled pericardial cavityii. The pericardium: protects and anchors the heart; prevents overfilling of the heart with blood; allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environmentII. Layers of the Hearta. Epicardium- visceral layer of the serous pericardiumb. Myocardium- cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heartc. Fibrous skeleton of the heart- crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissued. Endocardium- endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface—simple squamous epithelium continuous with the inner lining of vesselsIII. External Hearta. Major vessels of the heart: i. Vessels returning blood to the heart include:1. Superior and inferior vena cava2. Right and left pulmonary veinsii. Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include:1. Pulmonary trunk—splits into right and left pulmonary arteries2. Ascending aortaiii. Arteries: right and left coronary, marginal, circumflex, anterior and posterior interventricular arteriesiv. Veins: small cardiac, anterior cardiac, middle and great cardiac veins, coronary sinusIV. Atria and Ventriclesa. Atria: receiving chambers of the hearti. Each atrium has a protruding auricleii. Pectinate muscles mark atrial wallsiii. Blood enters right atria from superior and inferior vena cava, anterior cardiac veins and coronary sinusiv. Blood enters left atria from pulmonary veinsb. Ventricles: discharging chambers of the hearti. Papillary muscles and trabeculae carneae muscles mark ventricular wallsii. Right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunkiii. Left ventricle pumps blood into aortaV. Coronary Circulationa. Coronary circulation is the functional blood supply to the heart muscle itselfb. Collateral routes ensure blood delivery to the heart even if major vessels are occluded—through anastomosesc. Heart valves:i. Heart valves ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heartii. Atrioventricular (AV) valves lie between the atria and the ventriclesiii. AV valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contractiv. Chordae tendineae anchor AV valves to papillary musclesv. The aortic semilunar valve lies between the left ventricle and the aortavi. Pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunkvii. Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventriclesVI. Fetal Structuresa. Foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalisi. Functionally closes at birth (first breath)ii. Structurally closes in about a yeariii. Patent foramen ovale: (PFO) can cause left to right side shunting of blood post-partum if the foramen ovale fails to functionally and structurally closeb. Ductus arteriosus becomes Ligamentum arteriosus i. Functionally closes at birthii. Structurally closes within one day of birthiii. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA): can allow deoxygenated blood to recirculate out to systemic circuit if it doesn’t functionally and structurallycloseVII. Microscopic Anatomy of Heart Musclea. Cardiac muscle is striated, short, fat, branched and interconnectedb. Intercalated discs anchor cardiac cells together and allow free passage of ionsc. Heart muscle behaves as a functional syncytiumi. Syncytium: something fused together that works as a


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UM BIOH 113 - Heart Anatomy

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