Lecture 17Intuitive vs. Analytical thought- Dual process model of cognitiono Intuitive thoughto Analytic thought- Sunk cost-after investing such time or money people continue to put more into it So is this part of a stage?- Develops out of experience- Adults vary widely in their ability to apply scientific reasoning skills- Self-serving bias versus objectivity What allows greater reasoning ability? - Working memory capacity- Years of schooling and exposure to increasingly complex problems- Metacongnitive awareness - your own awareness about your cognitive processes Consequences of cognitive changes- Self consciousness- Self focusingo Imaginary audience-you modifying you behave because you believe people are watching you o Personal fables-believing that your experiences are so unique that no one else could possibly understand- Idealism-wishing and wanting other "more perfect" things- Criticism- Decision makingEarly adolescence (11-14)- Hypothetico-deductive reasoning - Metacognition continues to improve- Self regulation continues to improve- Better coordinating theory with evidence- More self-conscious and self-focused- More idealistic and criticalMiddle adolescence- Having the capacity to make better decisions if things are thought through • Likely to show scientific, systematic reasoning in familiar situations• Masters scientific reasoning in a similar step-by-step fashion on differenttypes of tasks• Less self-conscious and self-focused• Better at everyday decision makingLate adolescence • Continued gains in meta-cognition, scientific reasoning, and decision-making.Are adolescents less mature than adults?- Roper v Simmonso Should a juvenile be up for the death penalty?- Hodgson v Minnesota o Should a child be able to have an abortion without parental consent? Identity versus alienationIdentity->Peers (+)->Fidelity Alienation->Peers(-)->Dissociation • Pathway to IdentityMarcia (1980)• Identity achievement• Identity moratorium• Identity foreclosure• Identity diffusionIdentity Status, Cognitive Style, and Psychological Well-Being • Information gathering cognitive style• Inflexible cognitive style• Diffuse-avoidant cognitive styleTypes of identity• Religious• Ethnic• Political• Gender• VocationalChanging Dynamics• Adolescento Striving for Autonomyo Psychological distancingo De-idealizing parentso Need supporto Need warmtho Coping with conflict• Familyo Finding a balance between increased autonomy and need for protectiono Adjusting to new roleso Cooperative relationshipso Monitoringo Coping with conflictGender Identity & Sexuality• Gender intensification• Gender identity v. sexual orientation• The black box•Sex Education: The Communication Gap• Peers• Parents• Schools• What about abstinence only programs?• The Education of Shelby Knoxhttp://www.pbs.org/now/society/knox.html#Sexual Behavior Stats• Teen births have decreased• Use of protection has increased• Abortion rate is down• Good news –