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UT Knoxville ANSC 160 - Equine Identification and Breeds

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Slide 1Coat Color: A black and Red IssueThe Many shades of ChestnutBayGrayCream DilutionsDunOther DilutionsRoanAppaloosaTobianoFrame OveroSplashed White (“Splash”)SabinoWhite Markings: FaceWhite Markings: LegsIdentification: Hot BrandIdentification: Freeze BrandIdentification: Other MethodsModern Horse BreedsArabianThoroughbredAmerican Quarter HorseStandardbredMorganAmerican SaddlebredTennessee Walking HorseWarmbloodsPony BreedsPony BreedsDraft Horse BreedsDraft Horse BreedsQuestions?Questions?EQUINE IDENTIFICATIONAND BREEDSANSC 160COAT COLOR: A BLACK AND RED ISSUE BlackChestnut (“sorrel”)At the most basic genetic level, all horses are either black or chestnut!THE MANY SHADES OF CHESTNUTBAYGRAY•Dark-skinned horse that progressively whitens with age•Can/will affect horses of all colors and patternsCREAM DILUTIONSChestnutPalominoCremelloBlackSmoky BlackSmoky CreamBayBuckskinPerlinoDUNChestnut + Dun =Red Dun/Apricot DunBay + Dun =Dun/Bay Dun/Yellow Dun/Brown DunBlack + Dun =Grullo/GrullaOTHER DILUTIONS•Champagne•Lightens body, skin, and eye color•Foals born with pink skin, blue eyes•Skin color deepens and eyes turn amber/light brown•Silver/Silver Dapple•Dilutes black mane and tail to flaxen/silver •Dilutes black body to chocolate-brownROANChestnut/Red/Strawberry RoanBay RoanBlack/Blue RoanAPPALOOSATOBIANO•Characterized by:•White across the spine•Dark head (with or without white markings)•White lower legs•Tail may be two colors•Tobiano can “hide” on minimally marked horsesFRAME OVERO•Dominant gene •Lethal in homozygous form (lethal white overo syndrome)•Characterized by:•White patches centered in the body and neck•White generally does not cross the spine•Feet and legs usually dark (may have normal white markings)•White areas crisply defined•Can “hide” in minimally marked horses or those with multiple patternsSPLASHED WHITE (“SPLASH”)•May sometimes cause deafness•Characterized by:•Body dark on top half, white on lower half•Solid white or nearly solid white head•“Dipped in paint” appearance•Crisp/straight edges on white areas•Minimally expressed horses may only have white legs and white face markings that “fall off” one side of the headSABINO•Probably controlled by multiple genes•May be associated with “normal” white markings•Irregular spotting on legs, belly, and face•Jagged white face and leg markings•Often with extensive roaning or “ticking” •Large range of expression•Minimal = “normal” markings•Maximal = almost solid whiteWHITE MARKINGS: FACEWHITE MARKINGS: LEGSIDENTIFICATION: HOT BRANDIDENTIFICATION: FREEZE BRANDIDENTIFICATION: OTHER METHODSMODERN HORSE BREEDSARABIANOne of the world’s oldest breeds (~2000 years +)Developed as a war horse by Bedouin tribesKnown for: endurance, versatility, beautyTHOROUGHBREDDeveloped in England in 1700sPrimarily known for racing over moderate distances (3/4 – 1 ½ miles)Also popular as polo ponies, hunters, jumpers, and event horsesAMERICAN QUARTER HORSEDeveloped in Colonial America as a sprinterWestern settlers bred horses for Ranch workKnown for: “Cow sense”, sprinting, muscle/strengthSTANDARDBREDDeveloped from Thoroughbred, Norfolk Trotter, Morgan, and other breedsMay trot or paceKnown for: harness racingMORGANOnly breed named after a single horseDeveloped in New England in the late 1700s as an all-purpose breedKnown for: pleasure/show ridingAMERICAN SADDLEBREDDeveloped in the southern U.S. as a general-purpose riding horseMay be 3 or 5 gaitedKnown for: high action/animationTENNESSEE WALKING HORSEDeveloped in middle TN as a smooth-riding, general-purpose horsePerforms a flat walk, running walk, and “rocking chair” canterKnown for: smooth gaits, quiet temperWARMBLOODSRegistries that breed horses for “sport”: dressage, jumpers, eventers•Only the Trakehner is a true breedIncludes Hanoverians, Holsteiners, Trakehners, Oldenburgs, and morePONY BREEDSWhat is a pony?•Horse 14.2 hands (58 inches) and under•Some breeds have slightly different criteriaPony breeds include:•Shetland•Pony of the Americas (POA)•Hackney Pony•Welsh Pony•ConnemaraPONY BREEDSDRAFT HORSE BREEDSMost major breeds developed in northern EuropeHeavy carriage, draft, and farming rootsDraft breeds include:•Percheron•Clydesdale•Shire•Belgian•SuffolkDRAFT HORSE BREEDSQUESTIONS?Click icon to add


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