Psy 240 1st Edition Lecture 15Current Lecturesocial development: development of emotions, personality, self, morality, gender, etc. Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939): neurologist; medical degree from Univ. of Vienna (psychiatry/neurology)-Early interest in cocaine as analgesic relief from mental disorders (On Coca, 1884)-Developed interest in nervous disorders (neurosis, hysteria) ****anxieties****Psychoanalytic Theory: mind is not a unitary constructUnconscious: outside of conscious awareness; not able to be brought to mind by will-Anna O. paralyzed on her right side on spells, Freud many unconscious urges are sexual and/or aggressive-often unacceptable at conscious level banish them to the unconscious! (repression)everything is symbolic! Ex. Compulsive hand-washing= “dirt” of unconscious desires?3 components of Freudian personality:1. Id: unconscious psychic energy driven by sexual & aggressive urgespleasure principle: demands immediate gratification; mindless of societal norms & restraints2.superego: part of personality that represents internalized ideals and standards for judgment“the conscience”-Focuses on how one ought to behave3. ego: mostly conscious, “executive” part of personality that mediates id vs. superegoreality principle: seeks to gratify id in ways acceptable to the superegoFreud’s stage theory of psychosexual developmenterogenous zones: id focuses energy on different parts of the body during developmentStage 1 (oral stage):0-18 mo-newborns-id-driven-gratification from oral activities (ex. Sucking, eating)-based on breastfeeding mother as uniquely important figure-ego emerges during 1st yearStage 2 (anal stage): 18mo-3yo-control over bodily processes (urination, defecation)-parental demands to control impulses, delay gratificationStage 3 (phallic stage): 3yo-6yo-developng interest in genitals, sexual desires-emergence of superegoOedipus complex: boys develop unconscious sexual desires for mother, jealousy, & hatred of father (rival)-feelings of guilt, fear of punishment (anxiety)mythical greek king of thebes-son of Laius & Jocasta-prophecy that he would murder, Laius, marry Jocasta-Given to herdsman to be killed-Traveling to Thebes, met chariot with father in it-dispute killed Laius-defeated Sphinx/riddlecastration anxiety: fear of becoming like a female (fear of powerful people overcoming them)Elektra complex:a girls feelings of inferiority and jealousy of penispenis envy: when girls desire a penis just because its oppositseStage 4 (latency period): 6yo-12yo calm period desires, repressed; focus on constructive, socially acceptable activitiesStage 5 (genital stage): 12YO-adulthood-puberty: re-emergence of sexual energy-developed ego, superego help (most) adults control Idfixation:Erik Erikson (1902 – 1994): influenced by Freudian ideas (close friends with Anna Freud)Erikson’s stage theory of psychosocial development: each stage: issue/crisis to be resolved (identity crisis)Stage 1:Trust vs. Mistrust-birth-1YO -if cared/provided for trust-if not cared for mistrustStage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 1YO-4YO-Corresponds w/Freud’s anal stage-develop sense of competence, independence-self-control & self-esteem autonomy!-lack of control/punishment/ridicule shame & doubtStage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt 4YO-6YO=identification with parents (Like Freud!)-setting goals working to achieve them initiative!-Controlling, punitive parents guilt!Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority 6YO-Puberty-begin school (cognitive, social skills)hard work + cooperation with peers industry!-Inability to meet these goals interiority!Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion-adolescence –young adulthood “who am i?”-development of identity -finding roles that work identity!-difficulty defining self role confusion!Stage 6:Stage 7:Stage 8:Who cares about Freud and Erikson these days?Erickson-impact of heavy emphasis on identity seach in adolescence stage crises seem relevantc-Conway & Holmes (2004): ask 62-89 YO Ps to recall 3 memories from each decade of life (memories correspond with Erickson’s crises)Freud: role of early childhood experiences- importance of family, emotional relationships, - First theories of; o Personalityo Psychotherapy o Sexuality as motivation-introduction of unconscious-lack of empirical evidence(esp. for Freud)-often based on case studies, subjective interpretations-most modern research does not support Freud (esp.
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