ANTH 120 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Primate Origins and EvolutionsOutline of Current Lecture Hominin LocomotionCurrent LectureIdentifying HomininesPaleoanthropology study of early hominines and fossil primates Physical / Biological + Archeological, AnthropologyHominin: Any human and our direct fossil ancestors that MUST be bipedalOsteology: study of skeletal materialRemember: 6 Steps to Becoming Human1. Bipedalism2. Smaller canine tooth, non-honing3. Material Culture4. Increased brain size5. Fully opposable thumbs with precision grip6. Cultural Symbolism and artHow do you recognize a hominin when you see one?1. Bipedalisma. Unique locomotion among mammalsb. Adaption to balance on two limbsc. Adaptions to resist compressive forcesd. Adaption for endurance running and endurance walkingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.e. In a quadruped center of gravity goes through back to ground, balancing weight over four legs; HOMININS center of gravity falls between two feet when standing with legs extendedNon-Human Walking2. Highly inefficient3. Bent hip, bent knee4. Lateral displacement of center of gravityHuman Bipedal GaitTwo Phases1. Stance (support) Phase Heel strike, midstance, terminal stance, toe of2. Swing Phase Toe of, midswing, terminal swing, hell strike60% of gait cycle is stance phase 40% is swing phase***1 gait cycle = stance phase and swing phase***Skeletal Adaptions to Bipedalism1. Cranium2. Spine3. Pelvis4. Femur5. Foot2. Spinal Curvatures Hominines have s-shaped trait that keeps balance over feet and distributed between front and back- 24 vertebras- Our spines are curved, other primates have straight spines- 2 curves in our spine MAINTAIN BALANCEo Thoracic Curvatureo Lumbur Lordosis (curvature)Quadrupeds have C-shaped spine most bend knees or fall forward3. Pelvis Illum, Ischium, Pubis- Wide, rounded and short- Basin shaped to support internal organs- Wide pelvis makes room for babies- Shorter: stabilizes weight transmission from lower back to hip joint - Curved illium for re-orientationof gluteal muscleso Gluteus minimizes and gluteus medius Located on the side of body Keep trunk over legs- In hominine stabilityo Gluteus Maximus Keeps trunk upright over legs- In primates, these muscles are on the back, whereas in hominines they are on the side4. Femur- Large head, valgus angle, patellar groove- Bipedal traits of femurs (head and neck and diaphusis/shaft/body)o Large femoral heado Valgus angle when on flat surface, hominine, femur is angled Pushes all height toward center of gravityo Patellar groove, lateral lip Prevents patella from
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