GHist 101 1st Edition Lecture 25 Outline of Last Lecture II. Song Dynasty a. Role of Printingb. Wang Anshi’s Reformsc. Radical Reforms d. East Asian Womene. Footbinding f. Economic Growth Outline of Current Lecture III. Song Cities a. Kaifengb. Hangzhou IV. Industry a. Iron b. PorcelainV. Confucianism a. Lib. QiVI. Tangum Current LectureSong Cities- Kaifeng – Northern Song Capital o Irregular layouto Transportation hub o Population: 1.3 million in 1100 o European cities in 1500 London (50,000) & Paris (200,000) - Hangzhou – Southern Song Capital o Markets o Artisans and various occupations o Family – owned businesses o The Song Dynasty was famous for it’s cultural vibrant products / trade – achievement for China (Hay Day of Chinese civilization) These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Industry o Iron and Steel Production - 125,000 tons England & Wales in 1788: 76,000 tons o Porcelain Ceramics in which the glaze coalesces with the body (Called China Plates) - Elegant coating inside - Most Precious : ruyao - Zhu Xi and Neo- Confucianism o The most important intellectual in east Asia in the last 10 centuries o Third master in Confucianism o Synthesis of Chinese thoughts o Basic ideas Principle (li) : One, eternal, unchanging, always good- Metaphysical world - Very first push in meta-physics - Never changed, always good Material Force (qi) : many, transitory, changeable, involving both good and evil- Physical world Principle Material Force Everything in the world o “One principle having many manifestations” o From “Investigating things” to “ordering the state” and world peace - Neo-Confucianism in East Asia o Purpose is to build a new social order Establish a new social and political order Reestablish the superiority of Confucianism - Decline of Buddhism and Daoism in China Neo-Confucian model - Ruler as a common human being, guided by Neo-Confucians Everyone was from material force and everyone can be good or evilo Significances Transcending Buddhism and Daoism Separating moral authority from the power “Succession of the Way” vs. “Succession of the Rulership” - Korean Peninsula o Tangum Myth Originally they believed in the year 2333 BC Bear vs. Tiger – The deity said that if you can only eat garlic and another Asian herb and no meat for 100 days, she can transfer tiger and bear into a human being - The Tiger can not have a vegetarian diet and did not succeed, but the bear succeeded- Bear turned into a woman – deity made this woman to be his wife and on top of a mountain they had a song named Tangun Choson - Established the Tangun Choson- Pygongyand as the Capital 1500 years of ruling o Early States Four Commanderies of Han The Three Han “Han” as the ethnic term for Korean o Three Kingdoms Koguryo - Warfare- Reached its Zenith in the 5th century Paekche Silla - Tribal federation in the early stage - Reign of the queens Tang- Silla Alliance - Fall of Paekche in 660 - Fall of Koguryo in 668 o Unified Silla Period Economic prosperity - Agriculture and trade Society - Aristocrats, officials, peasants, slaves Buddhism entering Korea - Initial acceptanceo “Killing Ichadon” 6th century - Wonhyo and Korean Buddhism o Wonhyo was in Korea and he wanted to come to China to study Buddhism o When he came to china, there was a huge storm so they entered a cave o In the cave there was a container and they drank water out of the containero When he woke up, he realized the container he drank out of was a human skull o Took that as a sign that he should go back to Korea and became a Buddhist master in Korea- Dharani Sutra o Pure light Korea: Koryo - Koryo (Korea) Introduction of Chinese institutions - Civil service exam in 958 o Genealogical requirement- Six ministries o Choson dynasty beginnings King T’aejo - Established the Choson dynasty in 1392 Capital in Seoul- Center of Korean peninsula Modeled on the Chinese empire Yangban and Civil service examinations- Only civil officials and military officials could take exams o King Sejong Most important ruler in Korean history He was the second king of the chosen dynasty and started many modern projects Confucian teachings – went to China to study religious ceremonies Patron of cultural acitvities Regulated Cofucian rituals Created Hangul, Korean alphabet - Helped people learn their own
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