PSYX 100s 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I Classical Vs Operant Conditioning II Ratio and Interval Schedules III Punishment IV Observational Learning Outline of Current Lecture I Human Memory II Encoding III Storage Current Lecture I II Human Memory a Memory involves three steps i Encoding getting information into our brain ii Storage retaining that information iii Retrieval ability to get that information back out later Encoding a Getting information into the memory b Requires attention i Focus ii Selective attention c Divided attention reduces the ability to remember information i Decreases performance d Levels of processing i Structural encoding 1 Shallow processing ii Phonemic encoding intermediate processing 1 What words sound like iii Semantic encoding deep processing 1 Emphasizes meaning and understanding These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III e Enriching encoding i Elaboration linking stimulus to other information ii Visual imagery creating a visual image of the stimuli iii Self referent encoding making material personally meaningful iv Mnemonics memory or learning aid that can be auditory visual or kinesthetic Storage a Information passes through two buffer stages sensory and short term before it is stored long term i Two temporary stages 1 Sensory storage 2 Short term storage ii Final stage 1 Long term storage b Sensory memory preserves information in original sensory form briefly i Allows for the sensation to linger ii Goes to short term memory if paying attention c Short Term Memory STM i Information goes from sensory memory to STM if paying enough attention ii STM has limited capacity storage iii Short lived duration 1 Up to 20 seconds 2 Rehearsal repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information a STM dependent on phonemic encoding iv Capacity of STM 1 George Miller proposed the magical number 7 we can remember about 7 digits plus minus 2 2 Chunking grouping stimuli into a single unit for storage d Working Memory i Phonological loop rehearsal occurs ii Visuospatial sketchpad temporarily hold and manipulate images iii Central executive system coordinates switching and focusing attention iv Episodic buffer temporary storage before long term memory e Working Memory Capacity i Influenced by heredity ii Positive correlation with higher cognitive functioning reading comprehension complex reasoning and intelligence
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