Long-Term & Repeated InteractionsCo-Cultural Theory (Orbe, 1998)Co-culture: minority cultures traditionally “marginalized” in mainstream society, such as racial and ethnic minoritiesPossible outcomes of interaction with dominant (mainstream) groups:AssimilationAccommodationSeparationCommunication StrategiesNonassertiveAssertiveAggressiveAcculturation Theories1. Acculturation: how new members adjust to a culture:a. Linear: maintenance of original culture – biculturalism – total assimilationb. Interactive and nonlinear: reciprocal influences2. When does acculturation occur?a. Face-to-face contactb. Continuous contactA Bi-Dimensional Model of Immigrant Acculturation (Berry, 1980, 1984)Dimension 1: It is considered to be of value to maintain immigrant’s cultural identity and characteristics?Dimension 2: Is it considered to be of value to maintain relationships with other groups?Dimension 1YesNoYesIntegrationAssimilationNoSeparationMarginalizationCOMSOC 321 1st Edition Lecture 15Face Negotiation TheoryFace: personal and group self-images based on identities Principles of face maintenance (Ting-Toomey, 2005)Maintenance of face important in all cultures; relative importance and facework strategies depend on culture (e.g., individualist, collectivist); Facework strategies in conflict resolution: Dominating strategies: reinforces face at cost of other participant i. Avoidance of strategies: avoid conflict ii. Integrating strategies: arrives at mutually satisfying resolutions; maintains relationships iii. Motivation to maintain face depends on the situation:iv. Strength of self and group identities v. Cultural norms vi. Power structure vii. Topic of conversation viii. Distance between cultures These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Long-Term & Repeated Interactions Co-Cultural Theory (Orbe, 1998) - Co-culture: minority cultures traditionally “marginalized” in mainstream society, such as racial and ethnic minorities - Possible outcomes of interaction with dominant (mainstream) groups:o Assimilation o Accommodationo Separation - Communication Strategies - Nonassertive - Assertive - Aggressive Acculturation Theories 1. Acculturation: how new members adjust to a culture:a. Linear: maintenance of original culture – biculturalism – total assimilation b. Interactive and nonlinear: reciprocal influences 2. When does acculturation occur?a. Face-to-face contact b. Continuous contact A Bi-Dimensional Model of Immigrant Acculturation (Berry, 1980, 1984) - Dimension 1: It is considered to be of value to maintain immigrant’s cultural identity and characteristics? - Dimension 2: Is it considered to be of value to maintain relationships with other groups? -o Dimension 1 Yes No Yes Integration Assimilation No Separation