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UConn PSYC 1103 - Psychological Disorders

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PSYCH 1103 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Social-cognitive theories cont. a. Albert Bandura II. The Humanistic Approach III. Humanistic Theories a. Carl Rogers b. Abraham Maslow IV. Psychological DisordersV. Medical ModelVI. Defining abnormality a. Infrequency b. Norm violation c. Personal suffering d. Criteria for abnormality will vary by VII. Biopsychosocial model Outline of Current Lecture I. DSM-IV: 5 Axes a. Axis Ib. Axis IIc. Axis IIId. Axis IV e. Axis VII. Anxiety disordersa. Phobiab. Generalized anxiety disorderc. Panic disorder d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder III. Mood disorders a. Depression b. Dysthymiac. Bipolar disorderd. Biological factors e. Psychological factors IV. Dissociative disorders a. Definition b. Dissociative identity disorder c. Dissociative amnesiad. Dissociative fugue V. Schizophrenia Current LectureI. DSM-IV: 5 Axes (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) a. Axes = dimensions in which people are evaluated and placed inb. Axis I: major mental disorders i. Major depression ii. Anxiety disorders iii. Somatoform disordersc. Axis II: lifelong conditions i. Personality disordersii. Mental retardation d. Axis III: medical conditions that might impact mental health i. HIV ii. Cancer e. Axis IV: psychological & environmental problemsi. Poverty, family strife f. Axis V: rating of current level of functioning: 1 to 100 II. Anxiety disordersa. Phobia: intense, irrational fear of an object or situation i. Specific phobias: heights, blood, animals, etc. ii. Social phobias 1. Fear of socializing iii. Agoraphobia: fear of being away from safe place, person 1. Usually your home b. Generalized anxiety disorder: excessive anxiety not triggered by specific object or situation i. Free-floating anxiety c. Panic disorder i. Panic attacks = sudden, overwhelming feeling of anxiety1. People will usually flee away from the situation 2. Have all the signs of really stressful experiencea. Fright or flight system is triggered d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder i. Obsessive thoughts motivate compulsive behavior ii. If you don’t do something, then something bad will happen1. Ritualistic behavior 2. They also can be very aware that what they’re doing is silly, but they can’t help it a. Compelled iii. Treatment1. Expose them to the fear to show them nothing bad will happen III. Mood disorders (Axis I)a. Depression i. Major depressive disorder 1. Severely depressed mood, >2 weeks 2. Feelings of worthlessness, lethargy b. Dysthymia i. Less severe symptoms, but last at least 2 years c. Bipolar disorder i. Unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of mania and depression 1. Mania must last at least 1 week a. Grandiosity  you are the most important person in the world b. Irritability c. Sexual indiscretion i. Will go around trying to have sex with anyone 2. Depressive phase much like major depression 3. People cycle at different rates 4. Sometimes manic phase is very productive a. Virginia Woolf, Abraham Lincoln, Ernest Hemingway, Winston Churchill d. Biological factors i. Some relation to neurotransmitters 1. Norepinephrine, serotonin ii. Patterns of brain activity 1. Dominance of left prefrontal cortex activity > right prefrontal cortex e. Psychological factors i. Helplessness theory 1. People subject to depression attribute negative experiences tointernal causes a. Failure is mine, success is circumstance 2. “Learned helplessness”- (Seligman & Maier) a. Learning:i. Group 1: dogs harnessed then released (control) ii. Group 2: dogs harnessed, learn to press level toend mild shock 1. Have control iii. Group 3: dogs harnessed, yoked to group 21. Don’t have control of their environment  they’re helpless: nothing they do can help the situation b. Test: shuttle box, can escape shock by jumping over wall i. when tested in shuttle box, group 3 dogs don’t jump the wall to escape IV. Dissociative disorders a. Conditions in which normal thought processes are severely disjointed, creating significant disruptions in memory, awareness or personality i. Can last minutes or years b. Dissociative Identity Disorder i. Formerly “multiple personality disorder” ii. Sometimes mislabed schizophrenia iii. Presence of two or more distinct identities within an individual that sometimes take control of behavior (mean ~10) 1. People will even have different names during different phases and identities iv. Often associated with severe childhood abuse and trauma 1. No one identity was capable of dealing with all that so you develop multiple identities 2. Some lingering doubts about its status v. “Sybil” vi. “Three Faces of Eve” c. Dissociative Amnesiai. Sudden loss of memory for significant personal information ii. Typically for specific traumatic event or time period iii. Time period can be for extended length d. Dissociative Fugue i. Sudden loss of memory for one’s personal history1. Accompanied by an abrupt departure from home 2. Assuming new identity 3. Usually triggered by stressful life events V. Schizophrenia (Axis I)a. Characterized by:i. Profound disruption of basic psychological processes ii. Distorted perception of reality iii. Altered or blunted emotion iv. Disturbances in thought, motivation, and behavior b. DSM IV requires 2 or more symptoms present for at least 1 month with signs of disorder lasting for at least 6 months i. Symptoms: 1. Delusiona. Patently false belief systemi. You’re not Napoleon or an alien2. Hallucinationa. False perceptual experience in the moment that nobody else is having b. Often auditory experiences c. Seeing things other people aren’t seeing 3. Disorganized speecha. Severe disruption in semantic coherence 4. Grossly disorganized behaviora. Behavior that is inappropriate for setting, goals 5. Negative symptomsa. Emotional, social withdrawal b. Poverty of speech, motivation i. Can talk, but won’t


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UConn PSYC 1103 - Psychological Disorders

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