PSYX 100 1st Edition Lecture 25 Outline of Last Lecture I Decision Making II Judging Probabilities III Motivation IV Hunger and Eating Outline of Current Lecture I Stress and Eating II Obesity III Dietary Restraint IV Achievement Motivation V Emotion Current Lecture I II Stress and Eating a Stress leads to increased eating i Physiological arousal leads to eating ii People eat in response to negative emotion Obesity a Obesity condition of being overweight usually 20 over healthy body weight b Body Mass Index BMI standard measurement of obesity i Weight km Height m ii BMI of 25 29 9 is considered overweight iii BMI over 30 is considered obese c Eating and weight i American culture is obsessed with slimness but research demonstrates a sharp increase in obesity rates These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III IV ii Evolutionary perspective historically high fatty foods were required where food shortage made starvation a likely risk but today we have an abundance of food but still maintain a tendency to overeat high fat food d Causes of obesity i Health concerns associated with obesity have increased scientific research related to obesity ii Causes 1 Genetic predisposition we all have a set point in weight and while we can fluctuate in our weight we will more than likely always revert back to that set point a Research has found that some individuals may have a genetic vulnerability to obesity 2 Excessive eating and inadequate exercise these two habits generally lead to weight gain contributing factors include convenience of unhealthy foods increased average portions and modern conveniences such as cars elevators and desk jobs 3 Sensitivity to external cues presence of food in one s environment e Concept of set point i Bodies have a set point which is the natural point of stability in body weight ii Weight tends to drift around the level of equilibrium for specific individual s body iii Weight tends to remain stable as long as no durable changes influence it Dietary Restraint a Restrained eaters i Constantly working to control eating impulses ii May experience guilt about eating iii Leads to binge eating when there is a small failure when dieting Achievement Motivation a Need for achievement the need to excel b Achievement motive i Need to master difficult challenges to outperform others and meet high standards of excellence ii Pushes society to grow scientific gains economic growth inspirational leadership c Achievement remains the same throughout people s lives d Researchers have looked at individual differences in achievement i Examples of achievements physical academic identity financial awards e Characteristics of highly motivated individuals work harder more persistent handle negative feedback effectively future oriented delayed gratification V future goals tend to choose competitive careers and experience high career success f Situational determinants of achievement behavior tendency to pursue achievement depends on i Strength of motivation to achieve success remains stable ii Estimate of success how likely we will be able to succeed iii Incentive of success why an individual wants to excel and how important it is to them Emotion a Emotion involves i Subjective conscious experience the cognitive component ii Bodily arousal physiological component iii Characteristic overt expression behavioral component
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