CC 301 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Cover of Herodotus and introduction of Thucydides. Outline of Current Lecture II. Thucydides III. Peloponnesian WarIV. 50 Years NarrativeV. Athens vs SpartaCurrent LectureThucydidesThucydides dates are from 460 – 400 BCE. He was a general in the Athenian army in 424, sentup north to Thrace to defend the Athenian colony at Anthipoles from Spartan attack but arrivedtoo late to do any good. He was punished by being exiled for twenty years. Thucydides had anass to grind because he was very critical and upset with Athenians for his treatment. He was asupporter of Perocles and the early strategy of war. (In book 2 Perocles model of statesman).Thucydides was from a well-born aristocratic background leading him to only support someforms of democracy. Peloponnesian WarThucydides only gave a history of the Peloponnesian war until 411 but it ended in 404; probablybecause he died before he finished. Thucydides was very good at understanding cause and effectand was celebrated for the speeches and debates that he presented. Thucydides gives speechescontaining the motivation of the actors and the different state interests. Analysis included peoplefeeling justice was on their side and their self-interest. There was a portion of book 1 where hetalks about his aims as a historian contrasting his method with that of Herodotus. (Book 1paragraphs 20-22, pg 46-48). (p 21) criticizing other historians of talking about events of remoteantiquity without reliable knowledge or events about distant geographical places. He thinks thatthe Peloponnesian war was the best war of the time which is a paradoxical ideology. (Persian warincluded more territory, all of empire was mobilized, 5 million troops). Thucydides believedPeloponnesian to be greater because it swept up all of the Greek states. (p 22) Technique of usingspeeches; admitting that some of what he records in the speeches are what he thinks thecharacters would have said but are not exact; he’s being very upfront about that. (pg 48) ‘Don’tbelieve something just because one person says it but check it out with multiple sources.’These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Talks about romance – romantic in sense; Thucydides groundbreaking in rejecting this novel typeelement; wanting to keep to recent events with eye witnesses. 50 Years Narrative50 years narrative – everything after end of Persian war, basically everything after Herodotus.Development of Delian league of a defensive alliance of Ionian states against Persians –responsible for building projects and social welfare.Athens vs SpartaAthens and Sparta were allies in the Persian war, but in the aftermath, Athens was enthusiastic ofcoming to aid of Ionian cities and islands and liberating them from the Persians, but Sparta wasmuch more cautious because it wasn’t primarily a naval power and had bad experience ofGeneral Palsanius who went east to fight the Persians but engaged in dishonest and corruptdealings. Major earthquake in Sparta; at same time the Helots rebelled. Sparta was preoccupied with itsown internal problems which was a reason for it to abandon any other problems. Shortly afterthat, Athens concluded an alliance with Argos. In the Persian war, Argos was completely neutral. 426 Biotia revolted against the Athenians; at this point the Spartans combined their forces withMegara, and began to invade Attica the territory surrounding Athens itself. The Spartans hadbasically retaken initiative, and the Spartan infantry was strongest. 30 years peace treaty, victory for Sparta because they got everything they wanted out of thetreaty. The conflict between Corynth and Corcyra; Corynth was a Dorian state, an ally of Sparta – verypowerful and wealthy city because it was a center of trade because of its position connecting thePeloponnese to the rest of Greece. Perfect access point to east – Aegean sea and west – Gulf ofCorynth. They came into conflict with Corcyra over Epidamis. The Corcynians asked to join theAthenian alliance. In Thucydides each argument has a two-fold basis – one based on justice andanother on self-interest. The Athenians say they had offered to go to arbitration and have aneutral third party and arbitrate the matter. There was an argument that if Corcyra can act independently and in a hostile way, that wouldencourage the other states allied with Athens to rebel from it and act in ways contrary to itsinterest. The thing is Corcyra was not a dependent state of Corynth any more at all. As a result of the 30 years peace, Megara had been released from Athenian conference. But, theAthenians resented them for all kinds of reasons and barred them from their marketplace. Aneconomic embargo basically. There was a general fear of the growth of Athenian power on thepart of the Spartans. (p 75) The Corynthians contrast the Athenians and