BIO 1150 1st Edition Lecture 21Chapter 30& 35 Topic Discussed: Evolution of Seed Plants& Plant Structure and GrowthBasal angiosperms- most ancient flowering plant- “Basal”= ancient- Ie. Water lilly, Star Anise, AmborellaTrichopodaMagnoliids- magnolia- Used to be thought of as most ancientMonocots- long, thin strap-like leaves (ie. Tiger lilly)- Named derived- cotyledon- embryonic leaveEudicots- broad leaves (ie. Poppy, snow pea, zucchini)Co-evolution-plants evolving with pollinating insectsCarrion flower- largest flowers in world- Smells like rotten meatOrchid- looks like back of female beeHigher plants= chemical factories- Used for medicine- There for chemical defenseWhite clover- makes cyanideChapter 35: Plant Structure & GrowthPlants: Growth Forums- Tree- Shrub/ bush- Vines- Forb- Grass (monocots)- Aquatic plants (mostly dicots)Three basic plant organs- Roots- Stems- LeavesRoots- Anchor plant- Absorb water and minerals (primary job)- Store carbohydrates, protein- Large amount of absorption occurs through root hairs- Fibrous roots- monocots, flat- Tap root- storageModified roots- Prop roots- stability where it is needed- Storage roots- Pneumatophores- mangroves, marshy, extensions for oxygen- Buttress roots- really big tropical trees, for stability- “strangling” aerial roots- starts seed germinating in tree, roots grow down host tree, tropical treesStems- Raise and separate leaves- Support plant- Conduct materials from roots to leaves- Apical bud (terminal) contains stuff in stem- Petiole- attaches leave to stem- Fern- seedless vascular- Apical dominance- Inhibition of lateral buds on stem by an apical bud- Active apical- growing stem- Dormant lateral- grows leaves/ branchesModified stems- Rhizome- reproduction (below ground)- Bulbs- stores sugars/ proteins- Stolons- above ground stems for asexual reproduction- Tubers- below groundLeaves- primarily photosynthesis- Simple- 1 leave (ex. Oak)- Compound-one leaf per branch coming from main branch (ex. Ash, walnut)- Doubly compound- multiple leaves coming from branches coming from main branch (ex. Honeylocust)Buckeye leaf- 1 petiole, multiple leaflets (palmitic)Modified leaves- Tendrils- vines, support- Spines- cactus, protection, water retention, temperature control- Storage leaves- water retention- Reproductive leaves- buds asexually, kalenchoe- mother plant- Bracts- attracts
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