IPHY 4440 1st Edition Outline of Last Lecture Lecture 17II. Thyronine metabolism III. Thyroid Hormone actionsIV. Metabolic Actions V. Growth and differentiationVI. Clinical aspects of thyroid physiologyOutline of Current Lecture VII. Growth and differentiationVIII. Clinical aspects of thyroid physiologyIX. The adrenal cortexCurrent LectureI. Growth and differentiation1) Synergistic with GH on body (combined effect >> added effect)2) Nervous system development: could be the most important action of THs in the fetus 3) Nervous system function: Also essential for normal functioning in children and adults. Hypothyroid people exhibit slow mental activity4) Hair replacement: low TH + high F hair loss and high TH + low F hair growth5) Reproduction1. Hypothyroid Individualsa. Delayed sexual maturationb. Decreased androgen (males)c. Irregular ovarian cycles (females) 6) Permissive roles1. Enhances other regulatorsa. Increases adenylyl cyclase levelsb. Affects responsiveness of CNSc. Hypothyroidism depresses all body functionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Clinical aspects of thyroid physiology- Symptoms of hyper& hypothyroidism- Hypo: mental retardation, physically sluggish, sensitive to cold, hypophagic, low BMR- Hyper: mentally uick, restless, irritable, wakeful, sensitive to heat, hyperphagic, high BMRA. Hyperthyroidism- thyrotoxicosis1) Primary: the problem lies within the thyroid gland a. Toxic multinodular goiters- Multiple aggregates of hyperactive follicles- Several large hyperactive follicles* May or may not be TSH-dependent2) Secondary: The problem NOT within thryoid glanda. Graves’ Disease (autoimmune disease)Female 20X > male- LATS (abnormal TSH antibodies) Long Acting Thyroid Stimulator- Binds to TSH receptora. Choriocarcinomas: plancenta TSHb. Pituitary adenomas TSH Very rareUnresponsive to (-) feedback by THB. Hypothyroidism* low thyroid hormones: Dietary iodide deficiency commonThyroid hormone resistance: tissues not responding to TH1. Myxedema: no thyroid hormones in adultJuvenile myxedema: cretinism, 1 in 8500 births severe mental retardation ~ *Prevented by thyroid hormonesII. The adrenal cortexA. Gross anatomy i. Adrenocortical tissue: glandular steroidogenic-secretes corticol, corticosterone, aldosterone, androgensB. Medullary or chromaffin tissue: stains with chromic dyes, secretes epinephrine & norepinephrine controlled separately by hypothalamus via sympathetic nervous
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