A few cautionsThese words contain the morpheme cat:Catty, cat-friendly, wildcatBut what about these?Catalog, catapult, scatterRemember that a morpheme is the smallest unit of language that has a meaningDon’t be confused by spelling. The same morpheme can be spelled different ways in different wordyCatty, cattinessAlso, different morphemes may be homophonous: pronounced the same, but have different meaning–er : one who performs the action teacher–er: comparative fasterdon’t assume that morphemes in other languages will have the same properties as English morphemes with the same meaningtypes of inflectional morphologynounsnumbers—number morphology indicates the quantity of a noun, e.g., singular or plural (other languages may have a more complex system than English)gender—indicates subclasses of nouns, such as “masculine” and “feminine”case—indicates grammatical role of N (subject, object, etc.)nominative- subjectaccusative- direct objectdative- indirect objectlocative- locationgenitive- possessorverbsagreement—a verb is marked to match inflectional properties of its subject and or object (could be gender, number, person…)tense—gives information about the time of the event relative to the moment of speakingaspect—gives information about the structure of an event: is it ongoing, completed, or repeated habitually?Progressive—ongoing eventPerfective—completed eventnegationmodalityclause typeLinguis 101 1st Edition Lecture 15Current LectureMorphology 1 continued Derivational affixes vs. Inflectional affixes DerivationalSometimes changes part of speechChanges meaning of word significantly There are lots of these, and they may be prefixes or suffixes in English Ex: caty, unhappy, baker Inflectional Never changes part of speech Adds grammatical information but does not change fundamental meaning English has only 8 and they’re all suffixesTense – (present, past) Aspect- (progressive, perfect) Nouns- (plural, possessive) Adjectives- (comparative, superlative) Ex: cats, happier, baked A few cautions - These words contain the morpheme cat: o Caty, cat-friendly, wildcat- But what about these?o Catalog, catapult, scatter - Remember that a morpheme is the smallest unit of language that has a meaning - Don’t be confused by spelling. The same morpheme can be spelled different ways in different wordyo Caty, cattiness - Also, different morphemes may be homophonous: pronounced the same, but have different meaning o –er : one who performs the action teachero –er: comparative faster - don’t assume that morphemes in other languages will have the same properties as English morphemes with the same meaning types of inflectional morphology- nounso numbers—number morphology indicates the quantity of a noun, e.g., singular or plural (other languages may have a more complex system than English) o gender—indicates subclasses of nouns, such as “masculine” and “feminine” o case—indicates grammatical role of N (subject, object, etc.) nominative- subject accusative- direct object dative- indirect object locative- location genitive- possessor- verbso agreement—a verb is marked to match inflectional properties of its subject and or object (could be gender, number, person…) o tense—gives information about the time of the event relative to the moment of speakingo aspect—gives information about the structure of an event: is it ongoing, completed, or repeated habitually? Progressive—ongoing event Perfective—completed event o negationo modalityo clause
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