SOCI 2013 1st EditionExam # 5 Study Guide Chapters 9-10Chapter 9What is race?Race is a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior often on the basisof (perceived) real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes. What is ethnicity?Ethnicity is a collection of people distinguished by others or by themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics.What is a dominant group?A dominant group is one that is advantage and has superior resources and rights in society. What is a subordinate group?A subordinate group is one whose members because of physical or cultural characteristics are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.What is prejudice?Prejudice is a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of specific racial,ethnic or other groups.What are stereotypes?Stereotypes are over-generalizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics ofmembers of particular categories.What is racism?Racism is a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that are used to justify the superior treatment of one racial / ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group.What is discrimination?Discrimination is actions or practices by dominant-group members (or their representatives) that have a harmful impact on members of a subordinate group.What is individual discrimination?Individual discrimination consists of one-on-one acts by members of a dominant-group that harm members of a subordinate group, or their property.What is institutional discrimination?Institutional discrimination consists of day to day practices of organizations and institutions (but usually carried out by individuals) that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups.Chapter 10What is sex?Sex is the biological/anatomical differences between females and males.What is gender?Gender is the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with “femininity” and “masculinity”.How is sexual orientation classified?Sexual orientation is classified by sexual attraction, sexual involvement, and self-identification.What is sexism?Sexism is the subordination of one sex, usually female, based on the assumed superiority of the other sex.What is patriarchy?Patriarchy is a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by