PSYC 3322 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I. Neurobiology of Development II. The Brain Emerges from the Neural TubeIII. Development of the Nervous System Outline of Current Lecture II. Neurobiology of DevelopmentIII. Correlating Behavior with Nervous System DevelopmentIV. Brain Development and the EnvironmentV. Sexual differentiationVI. Developmental Disorders of Brain Impair BehaviorVII. Brain Continues to Change as We Grow OlderCurrent LectureNeurobiology of DevelopmentNeural Maturation- Growth cone:- Filopod:- Cell-adhesion molecule (CAM):- Tropic moleculeSynaptogenesisCell Death and Synaptic PruningOrigins of Neurons and Glia: Chemical signal → gene expression → Specific proteins are made → Specific cellsGlial DevelopmentCorrelating Behavior with Nervous System DevelopmentGross Motor Behaviors- Lifts head- Rolls overThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Sits on own- Pulls self to stand- Crawls- Stands on own- Walks on ownMotor Behaviors- 2 months: Orients hand towards object and gropes to hold it- 4 months: Grasps appropriately shaped object with entire hand- 10 months: Uses pincer grasp with thumb and index finger opposedLanguage Development- Pre-12 months: Babbling- 1 year: One word- 2 year: Two word- 3-11: Sentences- 12: End of sensitive period?Brain Development and the EnvironmentExperience is an important influence on Brain Development.Prenatal:- Chemoaffinity Hypothesis:Postnatal:- Fine-tuning of connections proceeds in an activity-dependent mannerExperience and Neural Connectivity- Amblyopia- Critical period- Ocular-dominance columnsExperience and Cortical OrganizationHormones and Brain Development- Testosterone (Androgren)o Masculinization- Estrogenso Feminization- Antinational vs organizational effectsHormones and Brain Development- The presence of testosterone and estrogen both affect the development of the brainSexual differentiationDevelopmental Disorders of Brain Impair BehaviorSome genetic disorders have widespread effects on the nervous system:- Phenylketonuria PKU- Down Syndrome- Fragile X SyndromeExposure to drugs (and other teratogens)Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Autism and Asperger’s syndromeBrain Continues to Change as We Grow OlderMemory impairment correlates with hippocampal shrinkage during ageingAlzheimer’s disease is associated with a decline in cerebral metabolism- Dementia- Senile