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WVU ATTR 219 - Intervertebral Discs
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ATTR 219 1st Edition Lecture 14Spinal cord segments within lumbar region-spinal cord ends at L1-L2Cauda equine- bundle of spinal nerves at distal portion of spinal cord and resemble a horse’s tailConus medullaris- most distal portion of spinal cord at L1-L2 and comes to pointed cone endFilum terminale- terminal portion of pia mater that runs off distal end of spinal cord, runs through sacral hiatus and attaches to posterior surface of coccyx-intertwined with spinal nerves and helps to anchor spinal cordIntervertebral Discs-discs sit between each vertebral body-thickest in lumbar regionTwo primary structures comprising Discs-Annulis fibrosis- outer fibrosus structures of disc-thicker anterior/thinner posterior nucleus pulposus- gelatin/water substance located in the center of the disc-water content is max at birth and decreases with age- dehydrated by age of 60 which results in a decreased range of motion-cehydrates during the day and rehydrates at night-can protrude through the annulus fibrosis, resulting in impingement on a lumbar nerve rootLigamentsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Anterior longutidal ligament- supports anterior portion of vertebral colum- runs entire length of vertebral column (C1- distal sacrum)-prevents hyperextension-attaches anteriorly to vertebral bodies and discsPosterior longitudal ligament- provides posterior support to vertebral column runs from bodies of C2 to sacrum-narrow and thin ligament-runs in vertebral canal and prevents flexionInterspinous Ligament- attaches between spinous processes of vertebrae and prevents them from opening up on one anotherSupraspinous ligament- cardlike structure that runs posterior to spinous process (C7- to sacrum- preventsexcessive forward to flexion)Ligamentum flavum (yellow ligament)- located vertically between lamina of each vertebrae and connectslamina to laminaThoracolumbar FasciaExtensive fascial sheath and superficial-covers lumbar and thoracic region-very thick and strong in lumbar region and thin/somewhat transparent in thoracic area-runs from both iliac crest, 12th ribs and attaches in internal oblique muscleNeurovascular-lumbosacral plexus divided into 3 parts: superior, middle and inferiorSuperior lumbosacral-genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)- innervates male and female genitalia plus male cremaster muscle-illiohypogastric (T12-L1) and illionguinal (t12-L1) innervate the abdominal muscle-lateral femoral cutaneous (L1-L4) has innervation to psoas major/minor and quadratus lumborum-obturator (L2-L4) innervate adductors muscles of thigh and pectineusMiddle Lumbosacral -nerves located here are peroneal, tibial, gluteal and plantar-Inferior Lumbosacral (pudendal plexus) posterior femoral cutaneous (S2-S3) has innervation to inferior portion of sacrum-anococcygeal (S4-S5, C1) has innervation to abdominal cavity and genitalia-perforating cutaneous nerve(S2-S3) innervates medial aspect of buttocks-pudendal (S2-S4) innervates abdominal cavity and genitaliaVascular SupplyAbdominal aorta- part of descending aorta- branches supply to lumbar regionLumbar and medial sacral come off abdominal aorta and supply lumbar and SI regionsAorta divides at L4 into common iliac arteries –commo iliac further divides into external/internal arteries-blood supply to sacrum and coccyx


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WVU ATTR 219 - Intervertebral Discs

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 3
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