BIOL 2050 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. Dark Reactionsa. Alternate Mechanisms for Carbon FixationOutline of Current Lecture II. Cell Divisiona. Genetic Organizationb. Cell Cyclec. Mitosisi. Control SystemCurrent LectureCell Division- The ability of organisms to produce more of their own kind - Continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells- Cell division is relied on foro Development o Growth o Repair- Mitosis: two identical daughter cells result with identical genetic information- Meiosis: produces four haploid cells known as either egg or spermGenetic Organizationo Genome: all the DNA in a cello Chromosomes: packaged DNA molecules in a cell o Chromatin: complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division ineukaryotic cellso Somatic cells: nonreproductive cells that have two sets of chromosomeso Gametes: reproductive cells that have half as many chromosomes as somatic cellso Chromosome during cell division DNA is replicated for cell division and chromosomes condense Sister chromatids: joined copies of the original chromosome.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Separate during cell division- Centromere: narrow waist of the duplicated chromosome where the two chromatids are most closely attached.Cell Cycleo Mitotic Phase: Mitosis and cytokinesiso Interphase: cell growth and the copying of chromosomes 90% of the cell cycle Phases- G1 phase- S phase (chromosomes are duplicated)- G2 phaseo Mitosis Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis overlaps the latter stages of mitosisMitosiso Mitotic Spindle: structure made of microtubules that control chromosomal movement during mitosis In animal cells, assembly begins at the centrosome Aster: extends from each centrosomeo Kinetochores: protein complexes associated with centromereso During metaphase the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate o During anaphase sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite endso Cytokinesis: in animal cells, occurs b a process known as cleavage Forms a cleavage furrow In plant cells, a cell plate forms during cytokinesisControl Systemo Frequency of cell division varies with the type of cell.o The sequential events of the cell cycle are directed by a distinct cell cycle control system Contains specific checkpoints where the cell cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is
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