GHIST 101 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture II. Western Jin a. Emperor Wu b. Emperor Hui c. Eight Kings III. Chinese Dynasties a. Xianbei people IV. Southern Dynasties V. PaperVI. Chinese Calligraphy Outline of Current Lecture VII. South China a. Agricultureb. Innovation in the crops VIII. Tang Dynasty a. Emperor Gaozo b. Emperor Taizong c. Reign of Taizong i. Society in the Taizong empire IX. Xuanzang X. Empress Wu Current LectureSouth China - Agriculture o Rice cultivation o Mechanical devices for winnowing and pounding grain - Innovation in the crops and technologies o Intensive use of land and labor; seed soaking; use of fertilizer; crop rotation o Agricultural manuals o Tea culture Tea entered history for the first time in a Chinese book Tea leaves can be used as a drink to provide energy These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Tang Dynasty - End of the Sui dynasty - Emperor Gaozu o Establishment of the Tang Capital: Chang’an - Emperor Taizong o Often viewed as one of the best emperors in Chinese history because his reign is named Taizong o Great contributions to the founding of Tang o Xuanwu Gate Incident o Rule of Zhenguan - Reign of Taizong o Rule of Zhenguan Intelligent, patient, frugal o Agriculture The state owned every piece of land and every man and woman after they were born would be given a piece of land and the land would be returned back to the state when they died Made sure every family could support themselves o Taxation Farmers had to do community service for the community Grain, textiles, and labor service State controlled handicraft production o Tang Law Code Complicated Law code Replaced by western law in the 19th century o War with the Turks “Heavenly Kahn” Defeated eastern Turks and the Turks presented the title “heavenly Kahn” to Taizong o Trade with central Asia o Embassies from Byzantine empire The silk road was opened - Xuanzang’s pilgrimage to India o Xuanzang Smart monk from age 12 o Journey to India Left secretely in 629 Over 10 years in India o Return to China, 645 Translation of Buddhist text He has a vision that he wanted to travel to India to decode Buddhist text o Popular Novel: Journey to the West - Empress Wu – only empress in Chinese history o Born in Sichuan Daughter in a wealthy family Father was a rich merchant and used his money to build his political cattle She enjoyed her childhood in a very nice way, but when she was 12 her father died and family went into crisis o Became a young concubine of Emperor Taizong Ambitious woman – learned how to live life without her father who gave her everything She failed to become an important woman of emperor Taizong o Relations with Emperor Gaozong o Became Gaozong’s concubine in 651o Empress in 655 Struggles in the palace o Regent of the Empire since 660 Her husband suffered from disease in 660 The co-ruled china until her husband died Had 4 sons- She killed her second son, made the third son the emperor (only 36 days), and made the youngest son the new emperor - His son could not challenge his mother’s power o Co-Ruler of the Empire, “two stages” o Empress Dowager since 683 - Path to a new dynasty o Viewed as the incarnation of a Buddhao Auspicious signs and popular petitions o Beginning of the Zhou Dynasty o Wu’s policies Expelled powerful families and officials Encourages economic development Autocratic regime She became the emperor in China and changed the name of the empire to the Zhou Dynasty (revolutionary change in history) She was a very good ruler because she paid attention to people in the empire but was also
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