SHS 412 1st Edition Exam #2 Study Guide: Lectures 8-15LECTURE 8 [CHAPTER 3]Are the Best Practice guidelines real?-NoWhat are the Best Practice guidelines?-Follow the child’s conversation leads, stay tuned to the child’s topic, use questions at a minimum and use toys instead of pictures.What should Best Practices be based on?-Rational Evidence What is the most coherent philosophical view?-ConstructionismWhat does constructionism say?-A child builds knowledge of the world through experiences.What are the 5 most influential theories?-Government and binding theory, modularity theory, speech act theory, bootstrapping theories, connectionism or parallel distributed processing theory. What is the government and binding theory based on?-Innatist theoryWhat does the modularity theory account for?-Selective development and selective damage in the brain.What is the newer version of the speech act theory?-Relevance theory What is the irreducible nucleus of language?-IntentWhat does connectionism deal with?-ComputersWhat two types of evidence do theories have to be credible?-Descriptive and ExplanatoryWhat does the discrepancy theory say about learning?-The best way to learn is through variation.What does variation elicit?-AttentionDo glued on listeners and dual listeners both learn from Sesame Street?-YesWhat are the two types of examples in the theory of natural categories?-Focal examples and peripheral examplesWhat is the old idea of memory?-The memory has a fixed capacity.What is memory span?-The number of digits that can be recalled.Does memory span measure memory?-NoIs it true that the more you use memory, the more you can actually use memory?-YesWhat must all tests have?-Theory based construct validityIs language acquisition a cognitive socialization process?-YesWhat is a repertoire?-Range of skill in different areas for a childWhat is the acquisition sequence for questions in children?-Yes/no questions, then wh questions.What are the two types of yes/no questions?-Tag questions and inflected questions. LECTURE 9 [CHAPTER 4]How many doctoral programs require students to study philosophy of science?-3.6%Do you need evidence for what you believe?-YesWhat are the levels of scholarship?-Literary, academic, eristic, symbolic, postulational and formal. What two levels are considered good scholarship?-Postulational and formWhich level of scholarship uses authoritarianism?-LiteraryWhat is authoritarianism?-Those that rely on intuition, elitism, personalization, impressionism, dogma, hearsay, and hype. What is impressionism?-Use frequency count and percentages, and that data is interpreted by you.What is dogma?-Statement of fact without evidenceWhat level of scholarship uses rationalism?-AcademicWhat is rationalism?-Identification of parameters and the use of loose logic like reductionism and impressionism. What level of scholarship uses empiricism?-EristicWhat is empiricism?-Rely on data and statistical and experimental evidence.What level of scholarship uses symbolism?-SymbolicWhat is symbolism?-Reliance on advanced experimental statistical evidence, but the evidence is still left to your interpretation. What level of scholarship uses formal logic?-Postulational What is formal logic?-Examining assumptions and propositions for operational and substantive aspects ofa field.What level of scholarship uses coherence?-FormalWhat is coherence?-Considering how philosophical view and theoretical perspectives combine and go with the best one. What are some of the problems with the Dubard School?-They use the association method, they are about 60 years behind, claims to deal with dyslexia but are not using appropriate treatments. What is dyslexia?-Reading problemsIs the association method considered appropriate or scholarly?-NoWhat is constructive criticism?-Criticism that ushers in new developments.What is capricious criticism?-Undermines the progress in a fieldWhat is plagiarism?-Using someone else’s work without giving them credit. LECTURE 10 [CHAPTER 5]Must all coursework be theory based?-YesWhy does philosophy matter?-That what academics are based on.What is the best philosophical view?-ConstructionismWhy is constructionism the best philosophical view?-The top scholars follow it.What does a child construct knowledge of the world by based on constructionism?-ExperiencesDo people construct knowledge based on experiences throughout life?-YesIs constructionism based on the activity of the client?-YesIs reinforcement based on activity or passivity?-PassivityWhat is possible in a person’s own view of the world is based on what?-That persons experiences. Do all people have the same possibilities in their worlds?-NoWhat tends to level out peoples possibilities in their worlds?-Society and cultureWhat is mutual manafestment?-What people know of the world is different but it is essentially the same if they are influenced by the same culture and social influences. What is monism?-Consider either the mind or the brain but not both.What is dualism?-Consider both the mind and brainWhat is wrong with monism and dualism?-They do not consider consciousnessWhat does materialism deal with?-Neural chemistry in the brainDoes the brain have millions of neurons and connectors?-YesWhat is the covering on neurons called?-Myelin sheetAccording to materialism, when is the brain fully developed?-Age 7 or 8What is wrong with materialism?-It does not deal with intent or consciousness.What is another name for behaviorism?-ReinforcementWho is the father of behaviorism?-WatsonWho is the champion of behaviorism?-SkinnerDoes positive reinforcement increase or decrease the frequency of behavior?-IncreaseDoes negative reinforcement increase or decrease the frequency of behavior?-DecreaseIs behaviorism a good theory?-NoWho is the father of the modern approach to therapy?-Chomsky What are the 3 categories of Functionalism?-Look at it as reinforcement, computer simulation and cognitive and communicative functions of language. Which of the 3 categories of functionalism is the best?-Cognitive and communicative functions of languageWhat are the 2 cognitive functions of language?-Representation and mediationWhat are the 2 communicative functions of language?-Intent and content What is representation?-Knowledge of the world is summed up, it is not accurate or complete. What is mediation?-The more you talk about something, the more you
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