BIOL 2061 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. TaxonomyII. SystematicsIII. Phylogenetic treeIV. HomologiesV. Molecular systematicsVI. Cladistics approachOutline of Current LectureI. Drawing of the Alternation of generationsII. Sporophyte/gametophyteIII. Growth and developmentIV. Plant organsV. GerminationVI. Plant Stem cellsVII. Vegetative growthVIII. Reproductive developmentIX. Seed life timeX. Comparing monocots & DicotsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Current LectureI. Drawing of alternation of generation =diploid =haploidII. Sporophyte/ gametophytea. Sporophyte-i. Always diploidii. Embryos, seedlings and the “plant”iii. Multicellular and largeiv. Produces haploid spores through meiosisb. Gametophyte-i. Always haploidii. Within the flowersiii. Multicellular and microscopiciv. Produce gametes by mitosisIII. Growth and development-a. The plant embryo is a sporophyte that lies dormant in the seed with a supply of stored food and a seed coat.b. The embryo may lay dormant for a long period of time until conditions are favorablec. Growth- increase of weight or sized. Development- series of changes in the state of a cell, tissue, organ or organismIV. Major plant organs-a. Roots-i. Provide support for plants, uptake water and nutrients from the soilb. Stem-i. Produces leaves and branches and also has reproductive partsc. Leaves- i. Socialized for photosynthesis and reproductionV. Germination-a. Radicle, embryonic root, first organ to emerge from germinating seedi. Provides water and minerals for growthb. Hypocotyl produces cotyledonsi. Eudicots- 2 seed leavesii. Monocots- 1 seed leafc. The endosperm provides food for the early embryo growth.VI. Stem cells-a. Stem cells- undifferentiated cells that can become any type of cell.i. They can continually replace themselvesb. Shoot Apical meristems- SAMi. Produce stem and leavesc. Root Apical Meristem- RAMi. Produce rootsVII. Vegetative growth-a. Increases size of root and shoot systemsb. Plant shoots produce budsi. Each has a mini shoot with a dormant shoot apical meristemii. Under favorable conditions, buds produce new stems and leavesiii. Buds are an organ system because that contain many organsc. Indeterminate growth- apical meristems continuously produce new buds when the conditions are right.i. They don’t stop growing like humansVIII. Reproductive development-a. Mature plants produce seeds, fruit and flowersb. Flowers and floral buds are reproductive shoots that develop when SAM produceflower parts instead of new stem tissues and leaves.c. Determinate growth- growth of limited durationd. The role of the flower= fertilizatione. Role of the fruit= protect and nourish the seed and attract seed distributorsIX. Seed lifetime-a. Annual= plant that dies after producing seeds during their first year of lifeb. Biennial= plant that does not reproduce the first year but may the following yearc. Perennial= plant that lives for more than 2 years often producing seeds each yearafter maturityX. Comparing eudicots and monocots-Eudicots Monocot2 cotyledons 1 cotyledonsFlower parts of 4,5, and 6 multiples Flower parts with multiples of 3Stem vascular bundles in a ring Stem vascular bundles are spread outBranched taproot root system Fibrous adventitious root systemNetted/ branched leaf venation Parallel leaf venation3 pore slits 1 pore/
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