University of LouisvilleAfrican American MusicPAS/MUH 214Study GuideMidterm1. In a New Orleans Jazz Band, what were the instruments in the front line and their respective roles?Frontline: Trumpet—melody, clarinet—obbligato, trombone—harmony 2. What and where was Storyville? What was its significance to the development of AAM? When did its influence end and why?New Orleans red light district—provided opportunity for musicians to work, ended in 1917, shut down by the government3. Who were the stereotypical female characters in a minstrel show?Aunt Jemima, Jezebel4. What is the form of a typical rag?Solo Piano—AABB(A)CCDD5. What are the three kinds of rags?Folk, Commercial, Classic6. How did New Orleans style Dixieland differ from Chicago style Dixieland?Chicago had the influence of classical music. No more collective improvisation, different instrumentation. Chicago had longer individual solos, and use of drums instead of 2 percussionists.7. What was the typical instrumentation for a New Orleans style jazz band?Trumpet, clarinet, trombone, bass, banjo, tuba, bass drum and snare drum8. What is a cutting contest?Battle between musicians to determine who was a better player9. What is the Great Migration, and how did it impact the development of AAM?Movement of African Americans from the rural south to the urban Midwest and north; moved demand for entertainment to cities and changed type of venues and music heard.10. Who was the most famous ragtime composer? Name two other ragtime composers.Tom Turpin, William Krell, Joseph Lamb11. How were the performance practices of the Fisk Jubilee Singers different from the previous African American tradition?Sang with the trained classically sounding voices in a formal rather than informal manner12. Who were the founders of the Fisk Jubilee singers?Ella Shepherd, George White13. Why were institutions such as Fisk founded? When was Fisk founded? 1866, to educate recently freed slaves in primarily teaching, agriculture and mechanical skills and trades14. What was the repertoire of the Jubilee Singers?Sang concert arias and classical works from standard concert repertoire in addition to spirituals15. What other institutions had groups like the Jubilee Singers?Fayetteville State, Virginia Union, Hampton, Fairfield Institute16. What was the original name of the Fisk Jubilee Singers?The Jubilee Singers17. Who was the "Father of American Minstrelsy"?Thomas “Big Daddy” Rice18. What was the unofficial theme song of black soldiers in the Civil War?John Brown’s Body19. Who was the first virtuoso jazz soloist?Armstrong20. What is the lyric format of the blues?AAB21. What three chords does a blues song usually use?I, IV, V22. What is a "Carry-Me-Back"? Name two examples.Song based on theme that freed Blacks longed to return to security and solace of South; Carry Me Back to Old Virginny, My Old Kentucky Home23. Who is Frank Johnson?Late 19th century band leader in concert band realm24. What is a Psuedo-Spiritual? Name an example.Song with spiritual sounding name used for parlor and saloon shows. Oh Dem Golden Slippers25. What is Tin Pan Alley?Wall St of Music publishing business, row of houses in NYC that pumped out tunes for shows, writers and song pluggers clocked in and out26. Who were Jelly Roll Morton and Fletcher Henderson?Early jazz musicians, Jelly Roll—1st arranger/composer; Fletcher—Swing era arranger/Band Leader27. What were some of the other names for jazz during it’s early development?Ragtime, Gut Bucket, syncopated music28. What topics are traditional subjects for blues songs?Love, sex, travel, jobs, life, hardship, jealous29. Why was "Ethiopian" music so popular in the late 19th Century?Because of traveling troupes, it was first music common to entire country30. What was the significance of social hierarchy in New Orleans in the late 1800's?Provided ample opportunities and functions for music and entertainment31. Name 3 early 20th century black-owned music publishing companies.Pace and Handy, Gotham Attucks, Smith and Barbour32. Who are creoles of color, and what was their significance to the development of early jazz?French or Spanish mixed with African American or Caribbean. Had access to more training allowing them to become more accomplished musicians who could read.33. Name 3 early New Orleans brass bands.Tuxedo Brass Band, Reliance Brass Band, Onward Brass Band, Excelsior Brass Band34. For what kinds of functions did early New Orleans bands play?Cotillions, Funerals, Mardi Gras, Octaroon Balls, Parades35. What is the cakewalk?Early 20th century dance featuring exaggerated motions36. Who was James Bland?AKA “World’s Greatest Minstrel Man”37. What were the instruments used most often as accompaniment for minstrel shows?Small Cos.—Violin, Banjo, guitar; Large Cos.—Boy Bands38. What is a coon song? Name an example.Highly syncopated song that depicts African American negatively in a stereotypical manner; “All Coons Look Alike to Me”39. What was the economic significance of ragtime music for African American composers?Provided first opportunity to make money on publishing music40. What was the significance of the Victor Talking Machine Company to AAM?Allowed music to be disseminated to a much broader audience and opened doors for African Americans in recording business41. Who was W.C. Handy?Father of Blues, published 1st blues tune, one of first black music moguls who owned own publishing company and minstrel company42. What was the Freedman's Bureau?Government agency created to provide education, job opportunities, and food/health services for freed slaves43. Why did Chicago and New York replace New Orleans as music centers in the early 20th Century? How was the music different?Movement of African Americans for jobs, music became more sophisticated, more structured, used different instruments because it was mostly in doors44. What is the second line as it refers to New Orleans style music?Dancers with umbrellas who followed NO bands to and from cemetery45. Who were the following people:King Oliver: NO trumpet player/band leader responsible for getting Armstrong to Chicago; Led Creole Jazz BandBuddy Bolden: 1st jazz musicianSidney Bechet: 1st jazz saxophonist who used wide, fast vibratoFrankie Trumbauer: Chicago Dixieland style saxophonist who played C melody sax46. How was swing different from earlier jazz styles? Who were the leading proponents of this