ECON 1101 1ndEdition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I Energy Levels in H atoms II Ionization Energy III Conversions IV Energy Levels in a H Atom V Absorbance VI Wave Particle Duality Outline of Current Lecture II Compare of an electron and a baseball III Heisenberg s Uncertainty Principle IV Quantum Mechanics V S Orbital VI Quantum Numbers QNs a Principle Quantum Number n b Angular Momentum QN l c Magnetic QN m l d Spin Quantum Orbital VII Which sets of QN allowed Current Lecture Compare of an electron and a baseball Mass Speed Mathematical Computation Wavelength Baseball 142 g 25 m s 6 626x10 34Js 0 142kg x 25 m s 2 x 10 34m Electron 9 x 10 28 g 5 9 x 10 6 m s 6 626 x 10 34Js 9 x 10 31 kg x 5 9 x 10 6 m s 1 x 10 10 m These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Heisenberg s Uncertainty Principle We cannot know exactly the mass and velocity of an object without knowing its position and speed X x m x u or h 4pi X uncertainty in position u uncertainty in speed Quantum Mechanics Examines wave nature of objects on atomic scale atomic orbital the electrons probable location Schr dinger Equation don t worry about these computations festive H x pitchfork E x pitchfork psi H Hamiltonian Operator Pitchfork psi wave function mathematical description of electrons matter wave in space E energy levels Pitchfork 2 gives volumes where we are most likely to find e probability of finding e S Orbital 90 of the time e is in this sphere Quantum Numbers QNs can be either n l m l or m s n l m l describe the orbital whereas m s describes the electron Principle Quantum Number n tells us the approximate distance of electron from the nucleus tells us about size and energy of the atom the larger the n value the further the electron is from the nucleus different n values are different shells or levels n is always a positive integer Angular Momentum QN l tells us about the shape of the orbital area where finding the electron is most probable called subshells sublevels allowed values of l depend on n table 7 2 values 0 n 1 if n 3 l 0 1 2 L value Orbital Type 0 S 1 P 2 D 3 F Magnetic QN m l orientation in space of an orbital allowed values l 0 l number of m l values tell us the number of orbitals of that type S Orbital l 0 m l 0 P Orbital l 1 m l 1 0 1 Spin Quantum Orbital m s spin of electron in the orbital allowed values 1 2 or 1 2 Which sets of QN allowed A N 3 l 3 m l 0 a NO l cannot equal 3 B N 4 l 3 m l 4 a NO m l cannot equal 4 C N 2 l 0 m l 0 a Yupp totally feasible
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